CHCHD5 Activators
Chemical activators of CHCHD5 function through various intracellular signaling cascades to modulate its activity. S-nitrosoglutathione, YC-1, and Zaprinast all have the common endpoint of elevating intracellular cGMP levels. S-nitrosoglutathione acts as a nitric oxide donor, enhancing soluble guanylyl cyclase activity which synthesizes cGMP. YC-1 amplifies this effect by sensitizing guanylyl cyclase to nitric oxide, further boosting cGMP production. Zaprinast extends the presence of cGMP in the cell by inhibiting its breakdown via phosphodiesterase 5. The increased levels of cGMP activate protein kinase G (PKG), which, upon activation, can phosphorylate CHCHD5, leading to its functional activation. Similarly, Forskolin raises intracellular cAMP levels by directly stimulating adenylyl cyclase. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can then target CHCHD5 for phosphorylation if it is a substrate for PKA. IBMX and Vinpocetine also contribute to the elevation of cAMP and cGMP levels, albeit through a different mechanism. IBMX inhibits a broad range of phosphodiesterases, whereas Vinpocetine selectively inhibits PDE1, both resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP concentrations and subsequent activation of PKA and PKG, leading to phosphorylation of CHCHD5.
Calcium signaling is another pathway through which CHCHD5 activation can occur. Ionomycin and A23187 are calcium ionophores that increase intracellular calcium levels. This rise in calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases capable of phosphorylating CHCHD5. Thapsigargin works indirectly by inhibiting the SERCA pump, leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels, which similarly activates calcium-dependent kinases that may target CHCHD5. Additionally, Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases like JNK, which can lead to downstream phosphorylation of CHCHD5. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) operates through a different pathway by activating protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a variety of proteins, potentially including CHCHD5 if it is among its substrates. Lastly, Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cAMP analog that readily diffuses into cells, directly activates PKA, thus promoting the phosphorylation and activation of CHCHD5. Each chemical, through its unique mechanism, modulates signaling pathways that converge on the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of CHCHD5.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 12 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) | 57564-91-7 | sc-200349 sc-200349B sc-200349A sc-200349C | 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg | $85.00 $206.00 $339.00 $449.00 | 15 | |
This chemical donates nitric oxide, which can lead to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, increasing the levels of cGMP within the cell. Elevated cGMP can then activate protein kinase G (PKG), which is known to phosphorylate various proteins. This phosphorylation cascade can functionally activate CHCHD5 if it is a substrate for PKG. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterase 5, which increases cellular cGMP levels by preventing its breakdown. Higher cGMP levels can enhance PKG activity, which in turn can phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5 if it is within PKG's range of substrates. | ||||||
YC-1 | 170632-47-0 | sc-202856 sc-202856A sc-202856B sc-202856C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $32.00 $122.00 $214.00 $928.00 | 9 | |
YC-1 sensitizes soluble guanylyl cyclase to nitric oxide, increasing cGMP synthesis. cGMP acts as a second messenger to activate PKG, which could phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased levels of cAMP. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which may phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5, assuming CHCHD5 is a PKA substrate. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, leading to increased levels of cAMP and cGMP by preventing their degradation. Elevated levels of these cyclic nucleotides enhance the activity of PKA and PKG, which could then phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
Vinpocetine | 42971-09-5 | sc-201204 sc-201204A sc-201204B | 20 mg 100 mg 15 g | $55.00 $214.00 $2400.00 | 4 | |
Vinpocetine selectively inhibits PDE1, which increases cAMP and cGMP levels in the cell. Elevated cAMP and cGMP can activate their respective kinases, PKA and PKG, which may phosphorylate and activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Calcium binds to calmodulin, activating calmodulin-dependent kinases which can phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), leading to increased cytosolic calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, including calmodulin-dependent kinases that could phosphorylate and functionally activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK, which can lead to the activation of transcription factors and other downstream kinases that may phosphorylate and activate CHCHD5. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC) which is involved in a wide range of signaling pathways. Activated PKC phosphorylates various proteins and could functionally activate CHCHD5 by direct phosphorylation if CHCHD5 is among its substrates. | ||||||