βB2-crystallin Inhibitors

The class of βB2-crystallin inhibitors encompasses a range of chemicals that primarily exert their effects through the induction of oxidative stress, protein modification, and disruption of cellular homeostasis. These compounds can lead to structural and functional alterations in βB2-crystallin, a critical protein in maintaining the transparency and refractive function of the eye lens. Agents like homocysteine, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal represent a subgroup within this class that influences βB2-crystallin through glycation processes, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that can modify and impair the protein.

Another significant aspect of this chemical class is the induction of oxidative and nitrative stress, as seen with compounds like high concentrations of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, and environmental factors like excessive exposure to UVA and UVB light. These conditions can lead to the modification of lens proteins, including βB2-crystallin, thereby compromising lens clarity and function. Additionally, chronic exposure to certain chemicals, such as heavy metals like cadmium and environmental pollutants like benzopyrene, can disrupt cellular processes and protein structures in the lens, further contributing to the inhibitory effects on βB2-crystallin.