Atlastin-3 Activators

Atlastin-3, encoded by the ATL3 gene in humans, is a member of the atlastin family of GTPases. This family is primarily known for its role in the fusion and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The ER is a crucial cellular organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification processes. Atlastin-3, like other atlastin proteins, possesses GTPase activity, enabling it to hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). This activity is central to its function in mediating the homotypic fusion of ER membranes. By catalyzing membrane fusion, atlastin-3 contributes to the formation and maintenance of the ER network within cells. A well-organized ER network is essential for efficient intracellular transport, cellular signaling, and maintaining overall cellular health.

In addition to its structural role, atlastin-3 may be involved in other cellular processes, including the regulation of ER stress responses and autophagy. ER stress occurs when the ER's ability to process proteins is overwhelmed, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins. This condition triggers a cellular stress response, which atlastin-3 might influence through its role in ER network maintenance. Mutations in the ATL3 gene have been linked to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), a rare genetic disorder. This connection underscores the importance of atlastin-3 in the nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of peripheral nerves.