4.1G Activators
4.1G activators encompass a variety of chemical compounds that target different cellular signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the enhancement of 4.1G functional activity. The activation processes involve several key cellular pathways, primarily revolving around the modulation of phosphorylation states. For example, compounds such as PMA and TPA serve as activators of protein kinase C (PKC), which is known to phosphorylate numerous substrates, including 4.1G. This phosphorylation enhances 4.1G's ability to stabilize interactions with the cytoskeleton and maintain cellular architecture. Similarly, Forskolin, by increasing cAMP levels, activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate 4.1G, resulting in enhanced functional interactions within the cell. Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid act as phosphatase inhibitors, maintaining the phosphorylation status of 4.1G, thereby sustaining its active conformation and function.
Other activators such as EGF operate through receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, leading to the activation of downstream kinases like MAPK/ERK that can target 4.1G. Activation of these pathways can result in the phosphorylation and subsequent enhancement of 4.1G's role in signaling and structural support. Calcium flux modifiers such as Ionomycin and Thapsigargin increase intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent kinases that may phosphorylate 4.1G, influencing its activity. Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable analog of cAMP, activates PKA, leading to the phosphorylation and functional activation of 4.1G. Compounds like Bisindolylmaleimide I, despite being a PKC inhibitor, can have the paradoxical effect of activating certain PKC isoforms, resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of 4.1G. Lastly, activators like Anisomycin induce stress-activated protein kinases, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and enhancement of 4.1G's role in cellular stress responses. Each chemical achieves the upstream activation of 4.1G through distinct pathways, yet all converge on the modulation of 4.1G's phosphorylation state, which is pivotal for its functional activity.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA functions as a diacylglycerol analog to activate protein kinase C (PKC). Activation of PKC leads to phosphorylation of various proteins, including 4.1G, which can enhance its interaction with the cytoskeleton and membrane stability. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels and thereby activating PKA. PKA phosphorylation can alter 4.1G activity by modifying its binding affinity to partner proteins, effectively enhancing its functional role in the cell. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which in turn may phosphorylate 4.1G, thus enhancing its association with actin. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is a phosphatase inhibitor that prevents dephosphorylation of proteins. By inhibiting protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, it maintains 4.1G in a phosphorylated state, thereby enhancing its functional activity. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), leading to increased cytosolic calcium levels which can indirectly enhance 4.1G activity through calcium-dependent phosphorylation pathways. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, similar to Calyculin A. By preventing dephosphorylation, it indirectly maintains 4.1G in an active state. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $153.00 $396.00 | 113 | |
Staurosporine is a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor, but at low concentrations, it can selectively activate certain kinases. Such modulation in kinase activity can result in the enhanced phosphorylation and activity of 4.1G. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a cAMP analog that permeates cells and activates PKA. Activated PKA can phosphorylate 4.1G and increase its interaction with the cytoskeleton, enhancing its structural role. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $105.00 $242.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a specific PKC inhibitor, but it can also function to enhance the activity of certain PKC isoforms, leading to enhanced phosphorylation and activity of 4.1G. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). This activation can lead to phosphorylation of 4.1G, potentially increasing its functionality in stress response pathways. | ||||||