Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3): sc-166383

Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3) is a mouse monoclonal IgG2b kappa light chain antibody designed to detect Visual Arrestin, also known as Arrestin 1, retinal S-antigen, or S-Arrestin, in human, mouse, and rat species through applications such as western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry with paraffin-embedded sections (IHCP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visual Arrestin monoclonal antibody (E-3) is raised against amino acids 316-405 at the C-terminus of the human Visual Arrestin protein, ensuring effective binding for reliable detection. Visual Arrestin plays a vital role in the phototransduction pathway by binding to phosphorylated rhodopsin, thereby terminating the light signal and preventing continuous activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Structurally, Visual Arrestin consists of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain that form a compact configuration essential for interaction with rhodopsin and other signaling proteins. This structural arrangement enables Visual Arrestin to effectively regulate receptor activity, ensuring precise control of visual signal transduction and maintaining accurate visual perception. Additionally, Visual Arrestin is localized in the outer segments of retinal photoreceptor cells and the pineal gland, where Visual Arrestin contributes to the regulation of circadian rhythms, highlighting importance in both vision and overall physiological processes. The specific cellular localization of Visual Arrestin is crucial for function in deactivating rhodopsin, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper visual function. Furthermore, Visual Arrestin serves as a major pathogenic autoantigen in inflammatory eye diseases such as uveoretinitis and Oguchi disease, a rare form of night blindness, underscoring significance in ocular health and disease. anti-Visual Arrestin antibody (E-3) facilitates detailed studies of structure and function, supporting research into visual signal transduction, retinal disorders, and autoimmune conditions.

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Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3) References:

1. Gene analysis and evaluation of the single founder effect in Japanese patients with Oguchi disease.  |  Saga, M., et al. 2004. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 48: 350-2. PMID: 15295660
2. Induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Lewis rats with purified recombinant human retinal S-antigen fusion protein.  |  Roberts, AJ., et al. 1992. Eur J Immunol. 22: 951-6. PMID: 1551407
3. Structural organization of the human S-antigen gene. cDNA, amino acid, intron, exon, promoter, in vitro transcription, retina, and pineal gland.  |  Yamaki, K., et al. 1990. J Biol Chem. 265: 20757-62. PMID: 2249983
4. Analysis of antigenic determinants of retinal S-antigen with monoclonal antibodies.  |  Banga, JP., et al. 1988. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 29: 12-21. PMID: 2447030
5. Regulation of rhodopsin dephosphorylation by arrestin.  |  Palczewski, K., et al. 1989. J Biol Chem. 264: 15770-3. PMID: 2550422

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3) has 8 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: Visual Arrestin

Product Clone Name: E-3

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG_2b kappa light chain

Amino Acids: 316-405

Epitope Target: Visual Arrestin

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: Visual Arrestin

Species Reactivity/Detection: mouse, rat, human

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, IHC(P), ELISA

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG_2b kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 8 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for Visual Arrestin Antibody (E-3): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, FITC: Fluoroscein, HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase, PE: Phycoerythrin

The preferred β-Arrestin-2 antibody is β-Arrestin-2 Antibody (H-9): sc-13140.