p-PAK4 Antibody (93.Ser 474): sc-135775

p-PAK4 Antibody (93.Ser 474) is a mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody that detects p-PAK4 in human samples through various applications including western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry with paraffin-embedded sections (IHCP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). p-PAK4, a member of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family, plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly in the regulation of the JNK signaling cascade, which is vital for controlling cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. p-PAK4 is primarily located in the cytoplasm and translocates to the nucleus upon activation, highlighting p-PAK4′s importance in mediating cellular responses to external stimuli. p-PAK4 is activated by binding to GTP-bound Cdc42 and Rac1, leading to autophosphorylation and subsequent interaction with downstream effectors such as MEK kinase. This interaction is essential for the activation of the JNK pathway, which influences various cellular processes including stress responses and differentiation. p-PAK4 is highly expressed in tissues such as the prostate, testis, and colon, and p-PAK4 dysregulation has been implicated in cancer progression, making p-PAK4 a significant target for therapeutic intervention. The gene encoding p-PAK4 is located on human chromosome 19, and understanding p-PAK4 function and interactions is critical for elucidating p-PAK4′s role in health and disease.

Alexa Fluor^® is a trademark of Molecular Probes Inc., OR., USA

LI-COR^® and Odyssey^® are registered trademarks of LI-COR Biosciences

p-PAK4 Antibody (93.Ser 474) References:

1. Molecular cloning of the gene for the human placental GTP-binding protein Gp (G25K): identification of this GTP-binding protein as the human homolog of the yeast cell-division-cycle protein CDC42.  |  Shinjo, K., et al. 1990. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87: 9853-7. PMID: 2124704
2. rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates.  |  Didsbury, J., et al. 1989. J Biol Chem. 264: 16378-82. PMID: 2674130
3. The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway.  |  Coso, OA., et al. 1995. Cell. 81: 1137-46. PMID: 7600581
4. A novel serine kinase activated by rac1/CDC42Hs-dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20.  |  Martin, GA., et al. 1995. EMBO J. 14: 1970-8. PMID: 7744004
5. Activation of stress-activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1.  |  Yan, M., et al. Nature. 372: 798-800. PMID: 7997270
6. A brain serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Cdc42 and Rac1.  |  Manser, E., et al. 1994. Nature. 367: 40-6. PMID: 8107774
7. Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives.  |  Boguski, MS. and McCormick, F. 1993. Nature. 366: 643-54. PMID: 8259209
8. A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf.  |  Lange-Carter, CA., et al. 1993. Science. 260: 315-9. PMID: 8385802
9. PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia.  |  Abo, A., et al. 1998. EMBO J. 17: 6527-40. PMID: 9822598

The preferred PAK4 antibody is PAK4 Antibody (B-3): sc-390507.