p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4): sc-81492

p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects p-ERK 1/2 in mouse, rat, human, and canine samples through western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and immunofluorescence (IF) applications. p-ERK 1/2 monoclonal antibody (12D4) is available in a non-conjugated form, specifically designed to target the dually phosphorylated forms of ERK 1 and ERK 2 at Thr 202 and Tyr 204. The ERK proteins, which are part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, play a crucial role in mediating cellular responses to growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. The importance of p-ERK 1/2′s structure lies in its dual phosphorylation mechanism, which is essential for activation. The phosphorylation at both Thr 202 and Tyr 204 in ERK1, as well as Thr 185 and Tyr 187 in ERK2, leads to significant structural changes, including the closure of the active site and the proper alignment of catalytic residues that interact with ATP. These structural modifications are vital for the enzymatic activity of ERK proteins, allowing ERK proteins to phosphorylate downstream targets on serine and threonine residues, thereby propagating the signaling cascade. Additionally, the regulation of ERK proteins involves upstream activators such as MAP kinase kinase (MEK), MEK kinase, and Raf-1, highlighting the intricate network of signaling pathways that govern cellular functions. The ERK family also includes three other members: ERK 3, ERK 5, and ERK 6, which further underscores the complexity and significance of this signaling pathway in various biological processes. Anti-p-ERK 1/2 antibody (12D4) is an essential tool for studying the dual phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 at Thr 202 and Tyr 204, a critical modification that drives activation and facilitates downstream signaling in the MAPK pathway.

Alexa Fluor^® is a trademark of Molecular Probes Inc., OR., USA

LI-COR^® and Odyssey^® are registered trademarks of LI-COR Biosciences

p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4) References:

1. ERK1 and ERK2, two microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, mediate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at serine-31 in situ.  |  Haycock, JW., et al. 1992. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89: 2365-9. PMID: 1347949
2. Purification of a murine protein-tyrosine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates the Erk-1 gene product: relationship to the fission yeast byr1 gene product.  |  Crews, CM. and Erikson, RL. 1992. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89: 8205-9. PMID: 1381507
3. The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product.  |  Crews, CM., et al. 1992. Science. 258: 478-80. PMID: 1411546
4. Purification and properties of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, an insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase.  |  Boulton, TG., et al. 1991. Biochemistry. 30: 278-86. PMID: 1846291
5. Identification of the regulatory phosphorylation sites in pp42/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase).  |  Payne, DM., et al. 1991. EMBO J. 10: 885-92. PMID: 1849075
6. ERKs: a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF.  |  Boulton, TG., et al. 1991. Cell. 65: 663-75. PMID: 2032290
7. P-AKT2/SPK1 (P-SPK1) and P-MEK/P-ERK cell signaling pathways are involved in LPS-induced macrophage migration.  |  Lei, Y., et al. 2019. Am J Transl Res. 11: 2725-2741. PMID: 31217849
8. IL-6/p-BTK/p-ERK signaling mediates calcium phosphate-induced pruritus.  |  Keshari, S., et al. 2019. FASEB J. 33: 12036-12046. PMID: 31365830
9. Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway.  |  Zhou, G., et al. 1995. J Biol Chem. 270: 12665-9. PMID: 7759517
10. ERK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in C2C12 myoblast differentiation.  |  Lechner, C., et al. 1996. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93: 4355-9. PMID: 8633070

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4) has 254 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: p44/42 MAPK

Product Clone Name: 12D4

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG₁

Amino Acids: Thr 202/Tyr 204

Epitope Target: ERK1

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: Thr 202 and Tyr 204 dually phosphorylated ERK 1 and ERK 2

Species Reactivity/Detection: mouse, rat, human, canine

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 50 µg IgG₁ in 0.5 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide, 0.1% gelatin, PEG and sucrose

Research Citations: 254 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for p-ERK 1/2 Antibody (12D4): N/A

The preferred p-ERK antibody is p-ERK Antibody (E-4): sc-7383.