MAAI Antibody (H-1): sc-271411

MAAI Antibody (H-1) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 kappa light chain antibody that detects MAAI protein of mouse, rat, and human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry with paraffin-embedded sections (IHCP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAAI (H-1) antibody is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including agarose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), phycoerythrin (PE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI), also known as GSTZ1-1, plays a crucial role in the phenylalanine/phenylacetate degradation pathway by catalyzing the conversion of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacetate, which is the fifth step in this metabolic process. This function is vital as deficiencies in other steps of the pathway can lead to serious metabolic disorders such as type I tyrosinemia and phenylketonuria. MAAI is predominantly expressed in the liver, with lower expression levels in skeletal muscle and brain, highlighting MAAI′s importance in hepatic metabolism. MAAI functions as a dimer and exhibits limited activity with known glutathione S-transferase substrates, indicating a specialized role in detoxification processes. MAAI-encoding genes are located on human chromosome 14q24.3, and through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, MAAI has been shown to share significant identity with GST-like proteins from other species, including C. elegans and carnation, suggesting evolutionary conservation of MAAI′s function.

Alexa Fluor^® is a trademark of Molecular Probes Inc., OR., USA

LI-COR^® and Odyssey^® are registered trademarks of LI-COR Biosciences

MAAI Antibody (H-1) References:

1. Anti-apolipoprotein A-I autoantibody: characterization of monoclonal autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.  |  Abe, H., et al. 2001. J Rheumatol. 28: 990-5. PMID: 11361227
2. Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI/GSTZ)-deficient mice reveal a glutathione-dependent nonenzymatic bypass in tyrosine catabolism.  |  Fernández-Cañón, JM., et al. 2002. Mol Cell Biol. 22: 4943-51. PMID: 12052898
3. Pharmacologic or genetic ablation of maleylacetoacetate isomerase increases levels of toxic tyrosine catabolites in rodents.  |  Ammini, CV., et al. 2003. Biochem Pharmacol. 66: 2029-38. PMID: 14599561
4. C/EBPalpha-dependent induction of glutathione S-transferase zeta/maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTzeta/MAAI) expression during the differentiation of mouse fibroblasts into adipocytes.  |  Qiang, L. and Farmer, SR. 2006. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 340: 845-51. PMID: 16376852
5. Human polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase zeta 1/maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene influence the toxicokinetics of dichloroacetate.  |  Shroads, AL., et al. 2012. J Clin Pharmacol. 52: 837-49. PMID: 21642471
6. Haplotype variations in glutathione transferase zeta 1 influence the kinetics and dynamics of chronic dichloroacetate in children.  |  Shroads, AL., et al. 2015. J Clin Pharmacol. 55: 50-5. PMID: 25079374
7. GSTZ1-1 downregulates Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.  |  Lei, C., et al. 2020. FEBS Open Bio. 10: 6-17. PMID: 31782257
8. Maleic acid is a biomarker for maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency; implications for newborn screening of tyrosinemia type 1.  |  van Vliet, K., et al. 2023. J Inherit Metab Dis. 46: 1104-1113. PMID: 37545091
9. Clinical physiology and pharmacology of GSTZ1/MAAI.  |  Stacpoole, PW. 2023. Biochem Pharmacol. 217: 115818. PMID: 37742772
10. Zeta, a novel class of glutathione transferases in a range of species from plants to humans.  |  Board, PG., et al. 1997. Biochem J. 328 (Pt 3): 929-35. PMID: 9396740
11. Characterization of a fungal maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene and identification of its human homologue.  |  Fernández-Cañón, JM. and Peñalva, MA. 1998. J Biol Chem. 273: 329-37. PMID: 9417084
12. Characterization and chromosome location of the gene GSTZ1 encoding the human Zeta class glutathione transferase and maleylacetoacetate isomerase.  |  Blackburn, AC., et al. 1998. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 83: 109-14. PMID: 9925947

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-MAAI Antibody (H-1) has 0 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-MAAI Antibody (H-1) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

MAAI Antibody (H-1) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: MAAI

Product Clone Name: H-1

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG₁ kappa light chain

Amino Acids: 151-209

Epitope Target: MAAI

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: MAAI

Species Reactivity/Detection: mouse, rat, human

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, IHC(P), ELISA

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG₁ kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 0 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for MAAI Antibody (H-1): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, FITC: Fluoroscein, HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase, P: Blocking Peptide, PE: Phycoerythrin