GAD-65 Antibody (A-3): sc-377145

GAD-65 Antibody (A-3) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 kappa light chain antibody that detects GAD-65 of mouse, rat, and human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GAD-65 (A-3) antibody is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including agarose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), phycoerythrin (PE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. GAD-65, also known as GAD2, plays a crucial role in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, by catalyzing the conversion of L-glutamic acid to GABA. This process is vital for maintaining the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals in the nervous system, which is essential for proper neuronal function and preventing excitotoxicity. GAD-65 is specifically localized to synaptic vesicle membranes in nerve terminals, allowing for rapid GABA production in response to increased neuronal activity, while GAD-67, the other isoform, is distributed throughout the cell and maintains basal GABA levels. The transient activation of GAD-65 during heightened neurotransmission underscores its importance in modulating synaptic activity, and loss of GAD-65 can lead to significant impairments in GABAergic signaling, highlighting its critical role in neurophysiology.

Alexa Fluor^® is a trademark of Molecular Probes Inc., OR., USA

LI-COR^® and Odyssey^® are registered trademarks of LI-COR Biosciences

GAD-65 Antibody (A-3) References:

1. Immune reactivity to GAD25 in type 1 diabetes mellitus.  |  Chessler, SD., et al. 2002. Autoimmunity. 35: 335-41. PMID: 12515288
2. Expression of GAD67 and novel GAD67 splice variants during human fetal pancreas development: GAD67 expression in the fetal pancreas.  |  Korpershoek, E., et al. 2007. Endocr Pathol. 18: 31-6. PMID: 17652798
3. Comparison of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various age stages in dogs.  |  Hwang, IK., et al. 2008. Neurosci Lett. 431: 251-5. PMID: 18166269
4. Cyclophosphamide for anti-GAD antibody-positive refractory status epilepticus.  |  Kanter, IC., et al. 2008. Epilepsia. 49: 914-20. PMID: 18177354
5. Sensory deafferentation transsynaptically alters neuronal GluR1 expression in the external plexiform layer of the adult mouse main olfactory bulb.  |  Hamilton, KA., et al. 2008. Chem Senses. 33: 201-10. PMID: 18184638
6. Innocuous IFNgamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in NOD mice through inhibition of IL-17 production.  |  Jain, R., et al. 2008. J Exp Med. 205: 207-18. PMID: 18195074
7. A palmitoylation cycle dynamically regulates partitioning of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65 between ER-Golgi and post-Golgi membranes.  |  Kanaani, J., et al. 2008. J Cell Sci. 121: 437-49. PMID: 18230651
8. Post-translational regulation of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase in the brain.  |  Wei, J. and Wu, JY. 2008. Neurochem Res. 33: 1459-65. PMID: 18270816
9. Some gamma-motoneurons contain gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat cervical spinal cord.  |  Ito, T., et al. 2008. Brain Res. 1201: 78-87. PMID: 18294622
10. The early detection of type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) through rapid test reverse-flow immunochromatography for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 kDa (GAD65).  |  Aulanni'am, A., et al. 2022. Heliyon. 8: e08695. PMID: 35028470
11. Positive Predictive Value of Anti-GAD65 ELISA Cut-Offs for Neurological Autoimmunity.  |  Budhram, A., et al. 2023. Can J Neurol Sci. 50: 766-768. PMID: 35861111
12. GABA and Combined GABA with GAD65-Alum Treatment Alters Th1 Cytokine Responses of PBMCs from Children with Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.  |  Heath, KE., et al. 2023. Biomedicines. 11: PMID: 37509587

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-GAD-65 Antibody (A-3) has 15 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-GAD-65 Antibody (A-3) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

GAD-65 Antibody (A-3) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: GAD65

Product Clone Name: A-3

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG₁ kappa light chain

Amino Acids: 1-95

Epitope Target: GAD-65

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: GAD-65

Species Reactivity/Detection: mouse, rat, human

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, IHC(P), ELISA

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG₁ kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 15 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for GAD-65 Antibody (A-3): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, FITC: Fluoroscein, HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase, PE: Phycoerythrin

The preferred GAD-65/67 antibody is GAD-65/67 Antibody (C-9): sc-365180.