Atg3 Antibody (D-9): sc-393623

Atg3 Antibody (D-9) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects Atg3 in mouse, rat, and human samples through applications such as western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Atg3, also known as autophagy-related protein 3, plays a crucial role in the autophagy process by catalyzing the formation of the Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE) conjugate, which is essential for the degradation of cellular components and organelles. Atg3 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and is expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, placenta, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The enzymatic activity of Atg3 is initiated by the removal of the C-terminal arginine residue of Atg8 by Atg4, a cysteine protease, which exposes a glycine residue that is subsequently activated by Atg7. The final conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is facilitated by Atg3 and can be enhanced by the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate, which acts similarly to an E3 enzyme, underscoring the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy. Anti-Atg3 antibody (D-9) is an invaluable tool for researchers studying autophagy and its implications in various physiological and pathological processes.

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Atg3 Antibody (D-9) References:

1. Identification and characterization of the linear region of ATG3 that interacts with ATG7 in higher eukaryotes.  |  Ohashi, K. and Otomo, T. 2015. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 463: 447-52. PMID: 26043688
2. MicroRNA-495 regulates starvation-induced autophagy by targeting ATG3.  |  Li, W., et al. 2016. FEBS Lett. 590: 726-38. PMID: 26910393
3. ATG3-dependent autophagy mediates mitochondrial homeostasis in pluripotency acquirement and maintenance.  |  Liu, K., et al. 2016. Autophagy. 12: 2000-2008. PMID: 27575019
4. Human ATG3 binding to lipid bilayers: role of lipid geometry, and electric charge.  |  Hervás, JH., et al. 2017. Sci Rep. 7: 15614. PMID: 29142222
5. Oxidation of Atg3 and Atg7 mediates inhibition of autophagy.  |  Frudd, K., et al. 2018. Nat Commun. 9: 95. PMID: 29311554
6. Atg12-Atg3 Coordinates Basal Autophagy, Endolysosomal Trafficking, and Exosome Release.  |  Murrow, L. and Debnath, J. 2018. Mol Cell Oncol. 5: e1039191. PMID: 30263931
7. Atg3 promotes Atg8 lipidation via altering lipid diffusion and rearrangement.  |  Wang, S., et al. 2020. Protein Sci. 29: 1511-1523. PMID: 32277540
8. Autophagy Inhibition by ATG3 Knockdown Remits Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury and Inflammation in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.  |  Peng, Z., et al. 2021. Neurochem Res. 46: 3200-3212. PMID: 34379294
9. Identifying a selective inhibitor of autophagy that targets ATG12-ATG3 protein-protein interaction.  |  Nuta, GC., et al. 2023. Autophagy. 19: 2372-2385. PMID: 37184247
10. ATG3 proteins possess a unique amphipathic α-helix essential for the Atg8/LC3 lipidation reaction.  |  Nishimura, T., et al. 2024. Autophagy. 20: 212-213. PMID: 37679935

The preferred Atg3 antibody is Atg3 Antibody (A-3): sc-393660.