Atg3 Antibody (A-3): sc-393660

Atg3 Antibody (A-3) is a mouse monoclonal IgG2b kappa light chain antibody that detects Atg3 protein of mouse, rat, and human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). anti-Atg3 antibody (A-3) is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including agarose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), phycoerythrin (PE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. Atg3 protein, also known as autophagy-related protein 3, plays a crucial role in autophagy, which is essential for cellular homeostasis and degradation of damaged organelles and proteins. Atg3 functions as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the formation of Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE) conjugate, a critical step in the autophagy pathway. This conjugation process begins with cleavage of C-terminal arginine residue of Atg8 by Atg4, a cysteine protease, exposing a glycine residue that is subsequently activated by Atg7. The activated glycine transfers to Atg3, where conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine occurs. The efficiency of this conjugation increases with Atg12-Atg5 conjugate presence, which acts similarly to an E3 enzyme, underscoring intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy. Atg3 expression is widespread, with significant levels in kidney, placenta, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, highlighting importance in various physiological processes.

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Atg3 Antibody (A-3) References:

1. Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p.  |  Tanida, I., et al. 2002. J Biol Chem. 277: 13739-44. PMID: 11825910
2. Stimulation of ATG12-ATG5 conjugation by ribonucleic acid.  |  Shao, Y., et al. 2007. Autophagy. 3: 10-6. PMID: 16963840
3. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Atg3.  |  Yamada, Y., et al. 2006. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 62: 1016-7. PMID: 17012800
4. The rat Apg3p/Aut1p homolog is upregulated by ischemic preconditioning in the retina.  |  Wu, BX., et al. 2006. Mol Vis. 12: 1292-302. PMID: 17110912
5. The crystal structure of Atg3, an autophagy-related ubiquitin carrier protein (E2) enzyme that mediates Atg8 lipidation.  |  Yamada, Y., et al. 2007. J Biol Chem. 282: 8036-43. PMID: 17227760
6. Overexpression of autophagy-related genes inhibits yeast filamentous growth.  |  Ma, J., et al. 2007. Autophagy. 3: 604-9. PMID: 17700056
7. Autophagy during proliferation and encystation in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba invadens.  |  Picazarri, K., et al. 2008. Infect Immun. 76: 278-88. PMID: 17923513
8. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate has a novel E3-like activity for protein lipidation in autophagy.  |  Hanada, T., et al. 2007. J Biol Chem. 282: 37298-302. PMID: 17986448
9. Consideration about negative controls for LC3 and expression vectors for four colored fluorescent protein-LC3 negative controls.  |  Tanida, I., et al. 2008. Autophagy. 4: 131-4. PMID: 18000393
10. PTK2-mediated degradation of ATG3 impedes cancer cells susceptible to DNA damage treatment.  |  Ma, K., et al. 2017. Autophagy. 13: 579-591. PMID: 28103122
11. A switch element in the autophagy E2 Atg3 mediates allosteric regulation across the lipidation cascade.  |  Zheng, Y., et al. 2019. Nat Commun. 10: 3600. PMID: 31399562
12. NMR resonance assignments of human Atg3 in aqueous solution and bicelles.  |  Ye, Y., et al. 2021. Biomol NMR Assign. 15: 421-425. PMID: 34296398

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-Atg3 Antibody (A-3) has 16 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-Atg3 Antibody (A-3) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Atg3 Antibody (A-3) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: Atg3

Product Clone Name: A-3

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG_2b kappa light chain

Amino Acids: 1-300

Epitope Target: Atg3

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: Atg3

Species Reactivity/Detection: mouse, rat, human

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, ELISA

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG_2b kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 16 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for Atg3 Antibody (A-3): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, FITC: Fluoroscein, HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase, PE: Phycoerythrin