Vmn2r56 Activators
Chemical activators of Vmn2r56 employ various mechanisms to enhance the protein's activity, all converging on a common intracellular messenger: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, elevates cAMP levels in cells, leading to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Once activated, PKA phosphorylates Vmn2r56, thereby facilitating its functional activity. Similarly, Isoproterenol and Epinephrine, through their interactions with beta-adrenergic receptors, and Alprostadil, through direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase, all result in increased cAMP and subsequent PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Vmn2r56. Histamine, by acting on H2 receptors, follows a similar route, augmenting cAMP in the cell and leading to PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of Vmn2r56.
On the other hand, a group of chemicals act by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which are enzymes responsible for breaking down cAMP. By inhibiting these enzymes, the intracellular concentration of cAMP remains elevated for a longer period, thereby sustaining PKA activity. IBMX acts as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, whereas Rolipram, Cilostamide, Vinpocetine, Zaprinast, and Anagrelide are more selective in their inhibition of phosphodiesterases 4, 3, 1, 5, and 3, respectively. The persistent activation of PKA by these elevated levels of cAMP leads to the continuous phosphorylation of Vmn2r56, which results in the sustained activation of the protein. Thus, the chemical activators of Vmn2r56, through their diverse actions on cAMP and PKA pathways, ensure the phosphorylation and activation of this protein, highlighting the centrality of these signaling molecules in Vmn2r56 regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors, which in turn activate Gs proteins and stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. The resulting increase in cAMP levels leads to activation of PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r56. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine engages adrenergic receptors, triggering adenylate cyclase activation via Gs protein coupling. This increases intracellular cAMP, thereby activating PKA. PKA can phosphorylate Vmn2r56, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine, through action on H2 receptors, stimulates adenylate cyclase resulting in raised levels of cAMP. This increase in cAMP activates PKA, which is then able to phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r56. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX acts as a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, preventing cAMP breakdown. This indirect action elevates cAMP levels, which activates PKA. Activated PKA can phosphorylate Vmn2r56, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in cells. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which can phosphorylate Vmn2r56, resulting in activation of the protein. | ||||||
Cilostamide (OPC 3689) | 68550-75-4 | sc-201180 sc-201180A | 5 mg 25 mg | $92.00 $357.00 | 16 | |
Cilostamide is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3). By inhibiting PDE3, cilostamide increases cAMP levels, thereby enhancing PKA activation. PKA, once activated, can phosphorylate and activate Vmn2r56. | ||||||
Vinpocetine | 42971-09-5 | sc-201204 sc-201204A sc-201204B | 20 mg 100 mg 15 g | $55.00 $214.00 $2400.00 | 4 | |
Vinpocetine inhibits phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), leading to increased cAMP within the cell. The elevated cAMP levels activate PKA, which then phosphorylates and activates Vmn2r56. | ||||||
Anagrelide | 68475-42-3 | sc-491875 | 25 mg | $150.00 | ||
Anagrelide is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), which increases cAMP levels and thereby activates PKA. The activated PKA can phosphorylate Vmn2r56, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) | 745-65-3 | sc-201223 sc-201223A | 1 mg 10 mg | $31.00 $145.00 | 16 | |
Alprostadil stimulates adenylate cyclase directly, which increases cAMP production. The increase in cAMP activates PKA, and subsequently, PKA phosphorylates Vmn2r56, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $105.00 $250.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterases, particularly PDE5, which leads to an increase in cAMP levels. The cAMP activates PKA, and this activation enables PKA to phosphorylate Vmn2r56, resulting in its functional activation. | ||||||