Trx-2 Inhibitors
Trx-2 inhibitors belong to a chemical class designed to modulate the activity of Thioredoxin-2 (Trx-2), a mitochondrial protein involved in redox regulation. Trx-2 plays a critical role in maintaining the redox balance within the mitochondria, which is essential for cellular functions such as energy production and protection against oxidative stress. Trx-2 achieves this by reducing disulfide bonds in target proteins, thus contributing to the overall cellular redox state. Inhibitors targeting Trx-2 aim to interfere with its redox-regulating activity within the mitochondria. By modulating Trx-2, these inhibitors could potentially impact mitochondrial functions and cellular responses that depend on proper redox homeostasis. Developing Trx-2 inhibitors involves designing compounds that interact with the protein's active sites or critical domains, potentially altering its ability to reduce target proteins' disulfide bonds. By inhibiting Trx-2, researchers aim to gain insights into the intricate redox signaling pathways within the mitochondria and explore the broader implications of targeting this protein for cellular processes and mitochondrial function.
Auranofin, a gold-containing compound, directly inhibits Trx-2 by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), disrupting the redox balance within mitochondria. PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor, forms a disulfide bond with thioredoxin, including Trx-2, directly inhibiting its reducing capacity and impacting redox signaling pathways. Additionally, various agents such as 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate indirectly modulate Trx-2 by affecting cellular metabolism, increasing oxidative stress, and influencing redox-sensitive pathways. Natural compounds like Ebselen and Curcumin indirectly support Trx-2's antioxidant role by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Other inhibitors, including Dicoumarol and DPI, indirectly influence Trx-2 by targeting mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and increasing mitochondrial superoxide production.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auranofin | 34031-32-8 | sc-202476 sc-202476A sc-202476B | 25 mg 100 mg 2 g | $150.00 $210.00 $1899.00 | 39 | |
Auranofin is a drug primarily used for rheumatoid arthritis. It has been found to inhibit TXN2 by modifying its active site cysteine residues, thereby disrupting its redox-regulating activity. | ||||||
PX 12 | 141400-58-0 | sc-358518 sc-358518A | 10 mg 50 mg | $130.00 $495.00 | 9 | |
PX-12, also known as Thioredoxin Inhibitor-1 (TXNIP), directly interacts with thioredoxin, including Trx-2, inhibiting its activity. By forming a disulfide bond with the active site cysteine of thioredoxin, PX-12 prevents its reducing capacity. | ||||||
Fluorouracil | 51-21-8 | sc-29060 sc-29060A | 1 g 5 g | $36.00 $149.00 | 11 | |
Fluorouracil (5-FU) indirectly influences Trx-2 by affecting cellular metabolism. 5-FU interferes with thymidylate synthesis and DNA replication, leading to increased oxidative stress. Trx-2, as a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, responds to elevated oxidative stress by modulating redox signaling pathways. | ||||||
Ebselen | 60940-34-3 | sc-200740B sc-200740 sc-200740A | 1 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $32.00 $133.00 $449.00 | 5 | |
Ebselen is a selenium-containing compound that acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase, indirectly influencing Trx-2. By reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels through its peroxidase activity, Ebselen indirectly supports Trx-2's antioxidant role within mitochondria. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, indirectly modulates Trx-2 by affecting multiple cellular pathways. It exhibits antioxidant properties and can modulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Additionally, curcumin influences mitochondrial function and can impact Trx-2's role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis. | ||||||
Dicoumarol | 66-76-2 | sc-205647 sc-205647A | 500 mg 5 g | $20.00 $39.00 | 8 | |
Dicoumarol is a coumarin derivative that inhibits TrxR, thereby indirectly affecting Trx-2 function. As TrxR is essential for the regeneration of reduced thioredoxin, its inhibition by dicoumarol disrupts the redox balance in mitochondria. | ||||||
Methotrexate | 59-05-2 | sc-3507 sc-3507A | 100 mg 500 mg | $92.00 $209.00 | 33 | |
Methotrexate indirectly influences Trx-2 by interfering with cellular folate metabolism. As a folate antagonist, methotrexate disrupts DNA synthesis and increases oxidative stress, impacting redox-sensitive pathways. Trx-2, as a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, responds to elevated oxidative stress by modulating redox signaling pathways. | ||||||
6-Mercaptopurine | 50-44-2 | sc-361087 sc-361087A | 50 mg 100 mg | $71.00 $102.00 | ||
Mercaptopurine, an antimetabolite used in chemotherapy, indirectly influences Trx-2 by interfering with purine metabolism. By incorporating into DNA and RNA, mercaptopurine disrupts nucleic acid synthesis, leading to increased oxidative stress. Trx-2, as a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, responds to elevated oxidative stress by modulating redox signaling pathways. | ||||||
Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid | 149647-78-9 | sc-220139 sc-220139A | 100 mg 500 mg | $130.00 $270.00 | 37 | |
Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, indirectly modulates Trx-2 by affecting epigenetic regulation. By influencing histone acetylation, vorinostat can impact the expression of genes involved in redox regulation. Trx-2, as a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, may be indirectly influenced by changes in the expression of redox-related genes. | ||||||
A77 1726 | 163451-81-8 | sc-207235 | 10 mg | $78.00 | 14 | |
A77 1726, an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), indirectly influences Trx-2 by affecting pyrimidine synthesis. By inhibiting DHODH, teriflunomide disrupts pyrimidine biosynthesis, leading to increased oxidative stress. Trx-2, as a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, responds to elevated oxidative stress by modulating redox signaling pathways. | ||||||