T2R13 Activators
T2R13 include a variety of substances known for their bitter taste, which is a direct result of their interaction with this specific taste receptor. Denatonium, recognized as one of the most bitter substances, can strongly activate T2R13. This activation leads to the release of intracellular calcium, which is a hallmark of the receptor's functional activity. Similarly, quinine, a compound with a long history of use due to its bitter properties, engages T2R13 in a way that sets off the G-protein coupled receptor signaling cascade, culminating in the sensory perception of bitterness. Compounds such as propylthiouracil and chloroquine also have the ability to activate T2R13. Propylthiouracil, a thiourea derivative, and chloroquine, known for its distinctive bitter taste, initiate signaling pathways that involve changes in intracellular signaling, consistent with the receptor activation.
Saccharin and acesulfame K, although predominantly used for their sweetness, can activate T2R13, suggesting that their interaction with the receptor is capable of triggering the taste transduction pathway associated with bitterness. Sucralose is another sweetener that can activate T2R13, indicating that it can engage the same G-protein coupled receptor pathway. Beyond these, caffeine, a widely consumed bitter compound, naringin, a bitter flavonoid in grapefruit, aloin from aloe, and parthenolide from feverfew, are all known to activate T2R13. These compounds interact with T2R13, leading to the release of intracellular calcium, a critical step in taste signal transduction that ultimately results in the perception of bitterness.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denatonium benzoate | 3734-33-6 | sc-234525 sc-234525A sc-234525B sc-234525C sc-234525D | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g | $32.00 $47.00 $141.00 $473.00 $921.00 | ||
Denatonium is known to be one of the most bitter substances and it activates bitter taste receptors like T2R13. Activation of T2R13 by denatonium leads to intracellular calcium release, which is a direct functional activation. | ||||||
Quinine | 130-95-0 | sc-212616 sc-212616A sc-212616B sc-212616C sc-212616D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $79.00 $104.00 $166.00 $354.00 $572.00 | 1 | |
Quinine is a bitter compound that activates T2R13, leading to the G-protein coupled receptor signaling cascade, resulting in taste perception and potentially other physiological responses associated with T2R activation. | ||||||
6-Propyl-2-thiouracil | 51-52-5 | sc-214383 sc-214383A sc-214383B sc-214383C | 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg | $37.00 $56.00 $224.00 $1997.00 | ||
Propylthiouracil is a thiourea derivative that can activate T2R13, triggering the associated signaling pathways that mediate bitter taste sensation and cause changes in intracellular signaling. | ||||||
Chloroquine | 54-05-7 | sc-507304 | 250 mg | $69.00 | 2 | |
Chloroquine is a bitter-tasting compound that specifically activates T2R13, leading to the downstream signaling required for the perception of bitterness, which involves the activation of phospholipase C and release of calcium. | ||||||
Saccharin | 81-07-2 | sc-212902 sc-212902A sc-212902B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $173.00 $235.00 $286.00 | ||
Saccharin is an artificial sweetener that can activate T2R13, as it has been shown to activate certain bitter taste receptors, leading to the activation of the taste transduction pathway. | ||||||
Acesulfame Potassium | 55589-62-3 | sc-210736 | 25 g | $245.00 | ||
Acesulfame K, another artificial sweetener, has been found to activate certain bitter taste receptors such as T2R13, leading to the functional activation of the receptor's signaling pathway. | ||||||
Sucralose | 56038-13-2 | sc-222332 sc-222332A | 100 mg 1 g | $133.00 $463.00 | ||
Sucralose, while primarily known as a sweetener, can activate T2R13 among other bitter taste receptors, initiating the G-protein coupled receptor pathway and resulting in bitter taste perception. | ||||||
N-Phenylthiourea | 103-85-5 | sc-236086 | 100 g | $319.00 | ||
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is well-known for its ability to activate bitter taste receptors including T2R13, which leads to the activation of secondary messenger systems and taste signal transduction. | ||||||
Caffeine | 58-08-2 | sc-202514 sc-202514A sc-202514B sc-202514C sc-202514D | 50 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $33.00 $67.00 $97.00 $192.00 $775.00 | 13 | |
Caffeine can activate T2R13 as it is a bitter compound, and its interaction with the receptor leads to the activation of the taste transduction pathway, including the release of intracellular calcium. | ||||||
Naringin | 10236-47-2 | sc-203443 sc-203443A | 25 g 50 g | $45.00 $101.00 | 7 | |
Naringin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit, can activate T2R13, as it imparts bitterness and initiates the receptor's associated signaling cascade, leading to taste perception. | ||||||