RPE Activators
RPE Activators encompass a spectrum of chemical compounds that support and enhance the functional activity of RPE65, a key enzyme in the visual cycle. Retinol directly provides the necessary substrate for RPE65, ensuring the continuous supply for the isomerization process that RPE65 catalyzes to produce 11-cis-retinol. Isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid, indirectly contributes to RPE65 activity by increasing the pool of retinoids, offering more substrate for RPE65's enzymatic action. Palmitic acid forms retinyl palmitate, a storage form of vitamin A, serving as an indirect source of substrates for RPE65, thereby facilitating the regeneration of visual pigments. Similarly, β-Ionone, through its structural resemblance to retinal, may serve as an allosteric modulator for RPE65, potentially enhancing the isomerization efficiency. Lecithin and sphingomyelin, by affecting the cellular membrane dynamics, indirectly enhance RPE65 activity by improving the transfer and availability of retinoid substrates within the retinal pigment epithelium.
Additional compounds like linoleic acid and oleic acid enhance RPE65 activity by optimizing the retinal pigment epithelium's membrane properties, which is crucial for the accessibility of retinoids to RPE65. Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant properties, plays an indirect role in preserving the integrity of RPE65 substrates, ensuring a stable supply for the visual cycle. Zinc's contribution to RPE65 activity could be through stabilizing the enzyme's structure or modifying the microenvironment to favor enzymatic activity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) indirectly promotes RPE65 function by maintaining photoreceptor health, which is essential for efficient visual pigment recycling. Lastly, phosphatidylserine impacts the enzymatic landscape by influencing the membrane characteristics that affect the substrate processing of RPE65. Together, these RPE Activators play a pivotal role in maintaining and enhancing the visual cycle by supporting RPE65, either through direct substrate provision or by modulating the cellular environment to optimize RPE65's enzymatic processes.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin A | 68-26-8 | sc-280187 sc-280187A | 1 g 10 g | $385.00 $2654.00 | ||
Retinol (Vitamin A) serves as a substrate for RPE65 in the visual cycle. RPE65 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol, which is crucial for the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of visual pigments in photoreceptor cells. This process directly enhances the functional activity of RPE65. | ||||||
13-cis-Retinoic acid | 4759-48-2 | sc-205568 sc-205568A | 100 mg 250 mg | $75.00 $120.00 | 8 | |
Isotretinoin (13-cis-Retinoic acid), a retinoic acid derivative, can increase the availability of retinoids, indirectly supporting the RPE65 enzymatic activity in the visual cycle by providing a larger pool of retinoid substrates for isomerization and thus potentially enhancing the recycling of visual pigments. | ||||||
beta-Ionone | 14901-07-6 | sc-291976 | 25 ml | $83.00 | ||
β-Ionone, a structural analog of the retinal chromophore, may indirectly enhance RPE65 activity by acting as an allosteric modulator. While not a direct substrate, its structural similarity to retinal could influence the conformation of RPE65 to favor the isomerization of retinoid substrates, thus aiding in the visual cycle. | ||||||
L-α-Lecithin, Egg Yolk, Highly Purified | 8002-43-5 | sc-203096 | 250 mg | $135.00 | ||
Lecithin contains phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes. It can facilitate the transfer of retinoids across membranes, indirectly enhancing RPE65 activity by improving substrate accessibility within the retinal pigment epithelium, where RPE65 is localized and active. | ||||||
Linoleic Acid | 60-33-3 | sc-200788 sc-200788A sc-200788B sc-200788C | 100 mg 1 g 5 g 25 g | $34.00 $64.00 $166.00 $281.00 | 4 | |
Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that can influence membrane fluidity and permeability. By altering retinal pigment epithelium membrane characteristics, it could potentially enhance the accessibility of retinoid substrates to RPE65, thereby indirectly supporting the enzyme's activity in the visual cycle. | ||||||
(+)-α-Tocopherol | 59-02-9 | sc-214454 sc-214454A sc-214454B sc-214454C | 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg | $43.00 $62.00 $141.00 $430.00 | ||
Vitamin E can protect retinoid substrates from oxidative degradation within the retinal pigment epithelium. By preserving the integrity of RPE65 substrates, Vitamin E indirectly enhances the functional activity of RPE65 by ensuring a consistent supply of retinoids for isomerization in the visual cycle. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a role in the structure and function of many enzymes. It may indirectly enhance RPE65 by stabilizing the enzyme structure or by influencing the retinal pigment epithelium environment to favor enzymatic activity in the visual cycle. | ||||||
Docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic Acid (22:6, n-3) | 6217-54-5 | sc-200768 sc-200768A sc-200768B sc-200768C sc-200768D | 100 mg 1 g 10 g 50 g 100 g | $94.00 $210.00 $1779.00 $8021.00 $16657.00 | 11 | |
DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid prevalent in retinal photoreceptors, may enhance RPE65 activity indirectly by maintaining photoreceptor health and membrane fluidity, which can affect the efficiency of the visual cycle and the recycling of visual pigments that RPE65 is involved in. | ||||||
Sphingomyelin | 85187-10-6 | sc-201381 sc-201381A | 100 mg 500 mg | $180.00 $560.00 | 3 | |
Sphingomyelin is a type of sphingolipid found in cell membranes and can influence membrane architecture and function. By modulating the membrane environment of the retinal pigment epithelium, sphingomyelin might indirectly enhance RPE65 activity by affecting the trafficking and availability of retinoid substrates for the visual cycle. | ||||||
Oleic Acid | 112-80-1 | sc-200797C sc-200797 sc-200797A sc-200797B | 1 g 10 g 100 g 250 g | $37.00 $104.00 $580.00 $1196.00 | 10 | |
Oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, can influence membrane fluidity and the function of membrane-bound enzymes. By modulating the retinal pigment epithelium membrane properties, oleic acid could indirectly enhance the functional activity of RPE65 by facilitating the accessibility and processing of retinoid substrates in the visual cycle. | ||||||