R2 Activators
R2, also known as Ribonucleotide Reductase M2, plays a pivotal role in DNA synthesis and repair. It is a part of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. This process is fundamental not only for DNA replication but also for DNA repair, making R2 essential for cellular proliferation, maintenance of genomic stability, and the prevention of DNA damage-induced cell death. The activity of R2 is tightly regulated within the cell, reflecting its importance in these critical biological processes. The activation of R2, therefore, is closely linked to the cell's capacity to divide and its response to DNA damage.
The activation mechanisms of R2 are influenced by a variety of biochemical and cellular pathways, reflecting its central role in cell biology. Although direct activators of R2 are not well-characterized, several compounds can indirectly enhance its activity by influencing cellular pathways that support DNA synthesis and repair. For instance, antioxidants such as vitamin C and E reduce oxidative stress, a condition that can damage DNA and impede the function of DNA repair enzymes, including R2. By maintaining a reduced state within the cell, these antioxidants help preserve the functionality of R2, ensuring efficient DNA replication and repair. Similarly, compounds that modulate cellular stress response pathways, such as sulforaphane's activation of Nrf2, indirectly support R2's role in maintaining genomic integrity. These indirect mechanisms highlight the complexity of cellular regulation and the interdependence of different molecular pathways. The study of R2 activation, therefore, extends beyond the identification of direct activators to include an understanding of the cellular context in which R2 operates, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to understanding enzyme function in vivo.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-Selenomethionine | 3211-76-5 | sc-204050 sc-204050A | 250 mg 1 g | $219.00 $585.00 | 1 | |
Selenomethionine enhances the antioxidant defense mechanism of cells, which indirectly supports the activity of R2 by reducing oxidative stress. This reduction in oxidative damage can enhance R2's stability and functionality in DNA synthesis and repair. | ||||||
Zinc sulfate solution | 7733-02-0 | sc-251451 | 250 ml | $110.00 | ||
Zinc acts as a cofactor for numerous enzyme systems, including those involving R2. By stabilizing molecular structures and enzyme conformations, zinc sulfate can increase the catalytic activity of R2, essential for DNA replication. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates the SIRT1 pathway, which is involved in cellular stress responses. Through SIRT1 activation, resveratrol can indirectly enhance the activity of R2 by promoting cellular conditions favorable for its function in DNA synthesis. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin influences NF-kB pathway, which is crucial for cellular response to stress and survival. By modulating this pathway, curcumin can indirectly support R2 activity by maintaining cellular environment conducive for DNA repair processes. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
Epigallocatechin gallate, found in green tea, has been shown to modulate cellular pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation, indirectly supporting R2 function by creating a conducive environment for DNA synthesis and repair activities. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $108.00 $245.00 $918.00 $49.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin modulates PI3K/Akt pathway, influencing cellular survival and growth signals. By supporting these cellular functions, quercetin can indirectly enhance R2 activity, crucial for DNA replication and repair. | ||||||
L-Ascorbic acid, free acid | 50-81-7 | sc-202686 | 100 g | $45.00 | 5 | |
Vitamin C supports cellular antioxidant defenses, which can indirectly enhance R2 functionality by reducing oxidative stress, thereby stabilizing proteins involved in DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms. | ||||||
(+)-α-Tocopherol | 59-02-9 | sc-214454 sc-214454A sc-214454B | 10 g 25 g 100 g | $42.00 $61.00 $138.00 | ||
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, indirectly supporting R2 activity by protecting cellular components from oxidative damage, thus maintaining an environment conducive for DNA replication and repair. | ||||||
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine | 616-91-1 | sc-202232 sc-202232A sc-202232C sc-202232B | 5 g 25 g 1 kg 100 g | $33.00 $73.00 $265.00 $112.00 | 34 | |
N-Acetylcysteine boosts cellular glutathione levels, a key antioxidant, indirectly supporting R2 activity by enhancing the cellular capacity to manage oxidative stress, thus facilitating DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-Lipoic Acid enhances cellular antioxidant defenses, indirectly supporting R2 activity by reducing oxidative stress, which can impair DNA synthesis and repair processes where R2 is essential. | ||||||