PSG2 Activators
PSG2 include a range of compounds that interact with various cellular receptors and pathways to enhance its functional activity. Estradiol, a steroid hormone, exerts its effects by binding to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), leading to the transcriptional activation of PSG2. This process increases the levels of PSG2 protein and its activity in the cell. Similarly, progesterone, another steroid hormone, activates its receptor to stimulate the JAK/STAT pathway, specifically STAT5, which is involved in the regulation of PSG2 expression. The activation of STAT5 by progesterone promotes the functional activity of PSG2. Furthermore, insulin interacts with the insulin receptor and initiates a cascade of events through the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is known to enhance the stability and conformation of various proteins, thereby increasing the functional activity of PSG2. Hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid, binds to glucocorticoid receptors which then interact with DNA to activate the transcription of PSG2, boosting its synthesis and activity.
Additionally, retinoic acid and vitamin D3 modulate PSG2 activity through their respective receptors. Retinoic acid binds to retinoic acid receptors, which then interact with retinoic acid response elements to activate PSG2 transcription. Vitamin D3 is converted to its active form, calcitriol, which binds to the vitamin D receptor and enhances the transcription of genes including PSG2 by interacting with vitamin D response elements. Forskolin raises intracellular cAMP levels, activating PKA and potentially influencing PSG2 activity indirectly through phosphorylation of other proteins and transcription factors. IGF-1 and EGF, growth factors, bind to their respective receptors, activating signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt, which can lead to increased cell proliferation and survival, with PSG2 activity being upregulated as part of these cellular responses. Thrombin, through its receptors, initiates signaling that can promote PSG2 activity in response to cellular damage. Ascorbic acid acts as a cofactor for enzymes stabilizing HIF-1, which may activate PSG2 transcription under low oxygen conditions. Lastly, L-Arginine serves as a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, producing nitric oxide which in turn activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP levels and possibly enhancing PSG2 activity through vasodilation and related pathways.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $62.00 $178.00 | 8 | |
Estradiol binds to and activates estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which is a known regulator of PSG2 expression. Activation of ERα by estradiol leads to transcriptional activation of PSG2, resulting in increased PSG2 protein levels and activity. | ||||||
Progesterone | 57-83-0 | sc-296138A sc-296138 sc-296138B | 1 g 5 g 50 g | $20.00 $51.00 $292.00 | 3 | |
Progesterone, through its receptor, can activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) which is involved in the JAK/STAT pathway, a pathway known to regulate the expression and function of PSG2. The activation of STAT5 by progesterone consequently promotes the functional activity of PSG2. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $153.00 $1224.00 $12239.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the insulin receptor, leading to a cascade of phosphorylation events through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Akt activation can result in the increased functional activity of proteins involved in cell survival and growth, such as PSG2, by enhancing their stability or promoting their active conformation. | ||||||
Hydrocortisone | 50-23-7 | sc-300810 | 5 g | $100.00 | 6 | |
Hydrocortisone binds to glucocorticoid receptors, which upon activation can interact with specific promoter regions in the DNA to activate the transcription of target genes, including PSG2, thereby increasing PSG2 protein synthesis and functional activity. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which then bind to retinoic acid response elements (RARE) in the promoters of target genes, including PSG2. This binding leads to the transcriptional activation and functional upregulation of PSG2. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $70.00 $160.00 $290.00 | 2 | |
Vitamin D3 is metabolized to its active form calcitriol, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR then translocates to the nucleus and binds to vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in the promoter region of target genes, including PSG2, enhancing its transcription and functional activity. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels, which in turn activate PKA. PKA can phosphorylate various proteins and transcription factors that may enhance the functional activity of PSG2 through downstream signaling effects. | ||||||
Thrombin from human plasma | 9002-04-4 | sc-471713 | 100 U | $230.00 | ||
Thrombin is a serine protease that, through protease-activated receptors (PARs), initiates a signaling cascade that can lead to the activation of various cellular functions. This signaling can promote the functional activity of PSG2 within the context of cellular responses to injury and inflammation. | ||||||
L-Ascorbic acid, free acid | 50-81-7 | sc-202686 | 100 g | $45.00 | 5 | |
Ascorbic acid is a cofactor for prolyl hydroxylase, an enzyme that stabilizes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Stabilized HIF-1 can activate transcription of various genes, potentially including PSG2, thus promoting PSG2's functional activity under hypoxic conditions. | ||||||
L-Arginine | 74-79-3 | sc-391657B sc-391657 sc-391657A sc-391657C sc-391657D | 5 g 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $20.00 $30.00 $60.00 $215.00 $345.00 | 2 | |
L-Arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule that can lead to the activation of guanylate cyclase and increased cGMP levels. Elevated cGMP may enhance the functional activity of PSG2 through vasodilation and related signaling pathways. | ||||||