PAAF1 Activators
PAAF1 participate in a common cellular signaling pathway that involves the modulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and the subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. This increment in cAMP activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate various substrates. These substrates may include proteins that interact with PAAF1, thereby modulating its role in the regulation of the proteasome. Similarly, IBMX, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and Rolipram and Cilostazol, which are selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 and 3 respectively, prevent the degradation of cAMP, thereby sustaining its cellular levels. Elevated cAMP levels ensure continued PKA activation, which can result in the phosphorylation of proteins associated with PAAF1, thus influencing its activity in proteasomal degradation processes.
Epinephrine, Dopamine, Isoproterenol, and Terbutaline function by binding to their respective receptors, which leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and a subsequent rise in cAMP levels. As cAMP accumulates, PKA is activated and potentially phosphorylates proteins that are involved in proteasome regulation, which could enhance the function of PAAF1. Anagrelide and Glucagon, through their action as phosphodiesterase III inhibitors and activators of the glucagon receptor respectively, also contribute to the elevation of cAMP and the resultant PKA activation. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) activates its own G-protein-coupled receptor, Histamine acts on H2 receptors, and both lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity. The common thread in these mechanisms is the activation of PKA, which then potentially phosphorylates proteins that can regulate PAAF1 activity in the proteasome, thereby influencing the degradation of proteins.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates PKA (protein kinase A), which can phosphorylate and thereby activate proteins associated with the proteasomal degradation pathway, potentially leading to the activation of PAAF1's role in proteasome regulation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX effectively increases cAMP levels, which can activate PKA, subsequently activating downstream proteins involved with the proteasome, potentially enhancing PAAF1 activity. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, which can lead to increased levels of intracellular cAMP via activation of adenylate cyclase. The resulting activation of PKA can phosphorylate substrates that may interact with PAAF1, leading to its functional activation in proteasome regulation. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which breaks down cAMP. By inhibiting PDE4, rolipram increases cAMP levels within the cell, which can activate PKA. PKA may then phosphorylate proteins that associate with PAAF1, leading to its activation in the context of proteasome function. | ||||||
Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | sc-201182 sc-201182A | 10 mg 50 mg | $107.00 $316.00 | 3 | |
Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, raising intracellular cAMP levels, which activates PKA. This cascade can enhance the phosphorylation of proteins that may be involved in the regulation of the proteasome, consequently leading to the activation of PAAF1. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine can activate dopamine receptors that stimulate adenylate cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate proteins within the proteasomal pathway, potentially leading to the activation of PAAF1. | ||||||
Anagrelide | 68475-42-3 | sc-491875 | 25 mg | $147.00 | ||
Anagrelide inhibits phosphodiesterase III, resulting in increased cAMP levels and activation of PKA. PKA may then phosphorylate substrates that interact with or regulate PAAF1, leading to its functional activation in proteasome dynamics. | ||||||
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) | 745-65-3 | sc-201223 sc-201223A | 1 mg 10 mg | $30.00 $142.00 | 16 | |
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) activates its G-protein-coupled receptor, leading to increased intracellular cAMP and subsequent activation of PKA. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of proteins within the proteasomal pathway may enhance the functionality of PAAF1. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can activate H2 receptors, which increases adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels, leading to the activation of PKA. This activation can promote phosphorylation of proteins relevant to PAAF1's activity in the proteasome. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, increases adenylate cyclase activity, thereby raising cAMP levels and activating PKA. PKA can then phosphorylate proteins that may be involved in the activation of PAAF1 within the proteasome. | ||||||