NERF Activators
Chemical activators of NERF can engage multiple cellular signaling pathways to induce its functional activation. Forskolin, through its ability to activate adenylate cyclase, leads to an upsurge in cAMP levels, which in turn activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is a pivotal kinase that can phosphorylate various substrates, including NERF, if it is within its substrate pool. This phosphorylation can switch NERF from an inactive to an active state, enabling it to perform its cellular functions. Similarly, beta-adrenergic agonists like isoproterenol and terbutaline also elevate cAMP levels, thereby activating PKA which can then target and activate NERF. Histamine, acting through H2 receptors, and dopamine, via D1-like receptors, follow the same cAMP-mediated pathway, culminating in PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of substrates like NERF.
Moreover, chemicals that inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs), such as IBMX, anagrelide, rolipram, and zaprinast, prevent the breakdown of cAMP, thereby maintaining high intracellular levels of this secondary messenger. The sustained cAMP levels lead to continuous activation of PKA, which can then act on NERF. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) specifically interacts with its receptors to promote cAMP production, giving rise to PKA-mediated activation processes that can include the phosphorylation of NERF. Epinephrine, another compound that acts on beta-adrenergic receptors, similarly induces cAMP production and activates PKA, which could phosphorylate NERF. Cholera toxin, by permanently activating the Gs alpha protein, causes a relentless increase in cAMP levels, leading to persistent PKA activation. The continuously active PKA may then ensure sustained functional activation of NERF. Each of these chemicals, by manipulating the cAMP-PKA axis, presents a method by which NERF can be activated, contingent upon its involvement in these pathways and its susceptibility to PKA-mediated phosphorylation.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels within the cell, which in turn can activate PKA. PKA can phosphorylate NERF, leading to its functional activation if NERF is a substrate of PKA or part of a PKA-regulated pathway. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, can lead to elevated intracellular cAMP levels, resulting in PKA activation. This activation of PKA could then phosphorylate NERF if it is part of the PKA-dependent signaling cascade. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 interacts with EP receptors, increasing cAMP and activating PKA. PKA could then phosphorylate and functionally activate NERF if it is in the downstream signaling pathway. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine engages beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to cAMP production and PKA activation. PKA, upon activation, can phosphorylate NERF, leading to its functional activation within its pathway. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX inhibits phosphodiesterases, leading to increased levels of cAMP and subsequent activation of PKA. Activated PKA has the potential to phosphorylate NERF, thus activating it if it is part of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine, via H2 receptor activation, increases intracellular cAMP, leading to PKA activation. PKA can then phosphorylate and activate NERF if it is part of the signaling pathway regulated by PKA. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine through its action on D1-like receptors, increases cAMP levels and activates PKA. PKA could then phosphorylate NERF, leading to its activation within the dopaminergic signaling pathway. | ||||||
Anagrelide | 68475-42-3 | sc-491875 | 25 mg | $147.00 | ||
Anagrelide inhibits phosphodiesterase III, increasing cAMP and thereby activating PKA. If NERF is a part of the signaling pathways regulated by PKA, its phosphorylation and activation by PKA would result. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase IV, which results in increased cAMP levels and PKA activation. PKA could then phosphorylate and activate NERF if it is part of a PKA-responsive pathway. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase V, leading to increased cAMP, which activates PKA. PKA could then phosphorylate NERF, leading to its activation if NERF is within the PKA signaling pathway. | ||||||