HkRP3 Activators
HkRP3 employ diverse molecular mechanisms to modulate the protein's activity. Forskolin, by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, directly influences the activation of adenylate cyclase, consequently elevating cAMP within cells. This surge in cAMP levels can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which, in turn, phosphorylates target proteins, including HkRP3, leading to its activation. Similarly, Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable analog of cAMP, elicits an analogous response by directly activating PKA, again promoting the phosphorylation and activation of HkRP3. IBMX contributes to this cAMP-mediated pathway by inhibiting phosphodiesterases that degrade cAMP, thereby sustaining PKA activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of HkRP3.
The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) could lead to the direct phosphorylation of HkRP3 if it is within the range of PKC substrates. Ionomycin and A-23187, both of which increase intracellular calcium levels, can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases that might phosphorylate HkRP3. Okadaic acid and Calyculin A, inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, prevent the dephosphorylation of proteins, potentially maintaining HkRP3 in a phosphorylated and active state. Anisomycin, by activating stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), might also contribute to the phosphorylation and consequent activation of HkRP3. Thapsigargin, through its inhibition of the SERCA pump, causes a rise in cytosolic calcium which can activate kinases that phosphorylate HkRP3. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can activate protein kinases that may phosphorylate and activate HkRP3, while Zn^2+ ions also have the capability to activate certain kinases, which may impact the phosphorylation status and activity of HkRP3.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP may lead to the activation of HkRP3 by enhancing phosphorylation events downstream of PKA, which could then target HkRP3 for activation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP breakdown, IBMX indirectly sustains PKA activity, which is known to phosphorylate and activate various proteins, potentially including HkRP3. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC). Activated PKC may phosphorylate and activate HkRP3 if HkRP3 is a substrate for PKC or if PKC phosphorylation modulates signaling pathways that HkRP3 is part of. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases. These kinases could lead to the activation of HkRP3 through phosphorylation or by activating signaling cascades that HkRP3 is involved in. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A-23187 is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium concentrations. Increased calcium may activate HkRP3 through calmodulin-dependent protein kinase pathways or other calcium-sensitive signaling mechanisms. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Inhibition of these phosphatases can result in increased phosphorylation levels of proteins, potentially leading to the activation of HkRP3 if it is regulated by phosphorylation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that also activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). The activation of SAPKs can lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of HkRP3. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2+-ATPase (SERCA), leading to increased cytosolic calcium levels that can activate downstream kinases capable of activating HkRP3. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. This inhibition can lead to sustained phosphorylation and potential activation of HkRP3 if HkRP3's activity is regulated by phosphorylation status. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to activate certain protein kinases. Such activation can propagate signaling cascades that lead to the activation of HkRP3 through phosphorylation events. | ||||||