Follicular DC Marker Activators
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are specialized cells that reside within the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. These cells are integral to the immune system, providing structural support and facilitating the maturation of B cells. FDCs capture antigens on their surfaces, which are then presented to B cells, aiding in the selection of highly specific antibodies during an immune response. The expression of FDC markers is critical for these functions. These markers are various proteins that are not only indicative of the presence of FDCs but are also essential for their role in immune responses. The precise regulation of these markers is vital for the maintenance and function of FDCs, as they ensure the efficient presentation of antigens and the appropriate activation of B cells.
Several chemical compounds have been identified that can potentially induce the expression of FDC markers, highlighting the diverse mechanisms that can regulate FDC functions. For instance, compounds like Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can simulate bacterial components, stimulating an innate immune response that includes the upregulation of FDC markers. Other compounds, such as the TLR7/8 agonist R848, engage specific toll-like receptors that are known to play a role in immune cell activation, leading to increased expression of these markers. Furthermore, substances like Vitamin D3 and Retinoic acid, which are involved in various cellular processes, can also influence the expression of genes associated with the immune system, including those related to FDC markers. These activators interact with the immune system through distinct pathways and signaling mechanisms, which may trigger the upregulation of FDC markers, thus supporting their functional role within the germinal centers. Each activator operates through a unique pathway, either by direct stimulation of immune cells or by initiating a cascade of signals that result in the enhanced expression of these essential proteins.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $98.00 $171.00 $425.00 $1560.00 | 12 | |
LPS, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can initiate a robust immune response by directly stimulating dendritic cells to upregulate co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production, which may include the expression of FDC markers. | ||||||
R-848 | 144875-48-9 | sc-203231 sc-203231A sc-203231B sc-203231C | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $102.00 $306.00 $510.00 $1559.00 | 12 | |
R-848, an agonist of TLR7 and TLR8, can stimulate antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, which may lead to the upregulation of FDC markers through enhanced maturation and activation signals. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $67.00 $284.00 | 6 | |
Imiquimod, through its action as a TLR7 agonist, can induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance the maturation of dendritic cells, which may stimulate the increased expression of FDC markers. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $71.00 $163.00 $296.00 | 2 | |
Cholecalciferol, via its immunomodulatory effects, can upregulate the expression of genes involved in immune responses, which may include genes encoding for FDC markers, through its action on the vitamin D receptor expressed by immune cells. | ||||||
Zymosan | 9010-72-4 | sc-296863 sc-296863A | 100 mg 1 g | $99.00 $599.00 | 1 | |
Zymosan, a component of fungal cell walls, can engage the dectin-1 receptor on dendritic cells and macrophages, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increased expression of FDC markers due to the heightened immune activation. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, can enhance dendritic cell immunogenicity and promote the expression of specific cell surface molecules, which includes the possibility of upregulating FDC markers by influencing gene transcription. | ||||||
Concanavalin A | 11028-71-0 | sc-203007 sc-203007A sc-203007B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $119.00 $364.00 $947.00 | 17 | |
Concanavalin A, a plant lectin, binds specifically to certain sugar moieties on the surface of immune cells, which can trigger cell proliferation and differentiation, potentially leading to an upsurge in FDC marker expression on dendritic cells. | ||||||