EDEM3 Activators
EDEM3, or ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 3, serves a crucial role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system. This protein operates within the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, where it is believed to recognize misfolded glycoproteins and target them for degradation, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. The expression of EDEM3 is closely tied to the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular stress response related to the ER's function. The UPR acts to mitigate the accumulation of incorrectly folded proteins within the ER lumen, a condition that, if uncontrolled, can lead to cellular dysfunction. EDEM3 facilitates the disposal of these misfolded proteins, and its expression is typically calibrated to the needs of the cell-if misfolded proteins accumulate, EDEM3 levels are often upregulated to bolster the cell's capacity to degrade these aberrant proteins efficiently.
Various chemical compounds can potentially induce the expression of EDEM3 by eliciting ER stress or modulating protein glycosylation processes. For example, chemicals that interfere with normal protein folding within the ER, such as tunicamycin, which inhibits N-linked glycosylation, can provoke ER stress and thereby stimulate an increase in EDEM3 expression. Similarly, thapsigargin, which disrupts calcium homeostasis within the ER, may trigger the UPR, resulting in elevated levels of EDEM3. Additionally, proteostasis disruptors like the proteasome inhibitor MG132 can lead to protein accumulation within the ER, potentially necessitating the upsurge of EDEM3 expression to enhance the degradative capacity of the ERAD pathway. It is also conceivable that compounds that affect the redox state within the ER, such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and beta-mercaptoethanol, might induce the expression of EDEM3 by altering the folding environment of glycoproteins. While the precise mechanisms by which these compounds increase EDEM3 expression are complex and multifaceted, the common thread is their ability to perturb ER homeostasis, prompting a cellular response that includes the augmented production of this protein.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin specifically disrupts ER calcium stores, causing a profound ER stress response. This calcium imbalance is a known trigger for the UPR, which could include the upregulation of EDEM3 to restore cellular homeostasis. | ||||||
β-Mercaptoethanol | 60-24-2 | sc-202966A sc-202966 | 100 ml 250 ml | $88.00 $118.00 | 10 | |
β-Mercaptoethanol, another reducing agent, can lead to protein misfolding by disrupting disulfide bonds, similar to DTT. This action can stimulate EDEM3 expression as the cell activates the UPR to cope with the increased load of misfolded proteins. | ||||||
2-Deoxy-D-glucose | 154-17-6 | sc-202010 sc-202010A | 1 g 5 g | $65.00 $210.00 | 26 | |
This glucose analog disrupts glycolysis and can indirectly lead to ER stress by impairing protein glycosylation. Such metabolic stress might stimulate the cellular defense mechanism, including the upregulation of EDEM3, to manage the glycoprotein folding load. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 acts as an ionophore for calcium, disrupting intracellular calcium balance and inducing ER stress. The cytosolic calcium imbalance might trigger a cellular response that includes the upregulation of EDEM3 to contend with the stress. | ||||||
4-Phenylbutyric acid | 1821-12-1 | sc-232961 sc-232961A sc-232961B | 25 g 100 g 500 g | $52.00 $133.00 $410.00 | 10 | |
4-Phenylbutyric acid serves as a chemical chaperone that can alleviate ER stress, but it may also provoke a mild UPR to preemptively increase the folding capacity, which includes the upregulation of EDEM3. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
As a calcium ionophore, Ionomycin elevates intracellular calcium levels, which can induce ER stress. This stress might stimulate the cell to upregulate EDEM3 expression as a means to enhance the degradation of abnormal proteins in the ER. | ||||||
Homocysteine | 6027-13-0 | sc-507315 | 250 mg | $195.00 | ||
Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with oxidative stress and can contribute to ER stress. The resultant stress from elevated homocysteine might stimulate the upregulation of EDEM3 as part of the cellular adaptive response to restore protein homeostasis in the ER. | ||||||