DUSP4 Activators
Dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is an intriguing member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family that has garnered significant interest in the biological research community. This enzyme is characterized by its ability to dephosphorylate tyrosine and serine/threonine residues, which is a critical action for modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Due to its role in these signaling cascades, DUSP4 is intimately involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses. The gene expression of DUSP4 is subject to a complex interplay of cellular events and can be induced by a variety of environmental and intracellular stimuli. The intricate balance of kinase and phosphatase activities, including that of DUSP4, forms the basis of a tightly regulated cellular signaling network, which, when perturbed, can lead to a cascade of cellular adjustments.
A diverse array of chemical compounds can stimulate the expression of DUSP4, each through distinct cellular mechanisms that converge on the elevation of DUSP4 levels. For instance, agents like phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can activate protein kinase C, which in turn, can lead to the upregulation of DUSP4 as a feedback mechanism to control MAP kinase signaling. Other compounds, such as forskolin, work by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), which activates protein kinase A (PKA) and can enhance the transcription of DUSP4. Additionally, environmental stressors like sodium arsenite or oxidative agents such as hydrogen peroxide can prompt a cellular defensive response that includes the induction of DUSP4 expression. This response is part of the cellular machinery to maintain homeostasis and manage stress-related damage. Similarly, compounds that affect gene expression indirectly, such as 5-Azacytidine, which causes demethylation of gene promoters, can also lead to increased DUSP4 transcription. These activators of DUSP4 demonstrate the breadth of cellular processes that can converge upon the modulation of this phosphatase, highlighting the central role it plays in cellular adaptation and signaling dynamics.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA, through the activation of protein kinase C, can provoke a cellular response that often includes the induction of DUSP4 expression as part of a negative feedback loop to control MAP kinase activity. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin raises intracellular cAMP concentrations, potentially leading to the enhancement of DUSP4 transcription via the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and the phosphorylation of transcription factors like CREB. | ||||||
Sodium (meta)arsenite | 7784-46-5 | sc-250986 sc-250986A | 100 g 1 kg | $106.00 $765.00 | 3 | |
Sodium (meta)arsenite exposure triggers a robust stress response, and cells may respond by upregulating DUSP4 expression to counteract the stress-activated protein kinase pathways and restore homeostasis. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
Hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, can stimulate the expression of DUSP4 as part of the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress and to help re-establish redox balance. | ||||||
U-0126 | 109511-58-2 | sc-222395 sc-222395A | 1 mg 5 mg | $63.00 $241.00 | 136 | |
By inhibiting MEK, U0126 disrupts the MAP kinase pathway, potentially prompting a compensatory surge in DUSP4 expression to offset the inhibited phosphorylation of ERK. | ||||||
Dexamethasone | 50-02-2 | sc-29059 sc-29059B sc-29059A | 100 mg 1 g 5 g | $76.00 $82.00 $367.00 | 36 | |
Dexamethasone, by interacting with glucocorticoid receptors, may trigger a transcriptional upswing of DUSP4, serving to dampen the pro-inflammatory MAP kinase-driven responses. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride, through inhibition of GSK-3, can lead to a rise in DUSP4 mRNA levels, possibly as part of a broader shift in gene expression associated with mood stabilization. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, by engaging with its nuclear receptors, can instigate an upregulation of DUSP4 transcription, likely as a facet of its role in promoting cellular differentiation. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin, owing to its broad-spectrum biological activity, may instigate an upswing in DUSP4 expression, possibly through its interaction with transcription factors and signaling pathways linked with inflammation. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
As a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Azacytidine can induce a rise in DUSP4 expression by causing demethylation of the DUSP4 gene promoter, thereby facilitating transcription. | ||||||