Exendin 4 Antibody (23): sc-73485

Exendin 4 Antibody (23) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects Exendin 4 protein of Heloderma suspectum origin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-Exendin 4 antibody (23) is available as the non-conjugated format. Exendin 4 is a 39 amino acid peptide produced exclusively by the salivary glands of the Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectum, and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. This peptide acts as an agonist of the Glucagon-like peptide (GLP) receptor, which is significant because Exendin 4 has been shown to possess anorexigenic and fat-reducing properties, making Exendin 4 a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The release of Exendin 4 from the salivary glands is stimulated by mechanical action during feeding, leading to increased plasma levels that help modulate insulin secretion and promote beta cell proliferation. Additionally, Exendin 4 has been found to induce the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules such as Raf-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), as well as enhance the levels of phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and cyclin D1 gene expression. These actions contribute to Exendin 4′s prolonged glucose-lowering effects, which may be beneficial in managing diabetes in various animal models.

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Exendin 4 Antibody (23) References:

1. Glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions of exendin-4: studies in obese diabetic (ob/ob, db/db) mice, diabetic fatty Zucker rats, and diabetic rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).  |  Young, AA., et al. 1999. Diabetes. 48: 1026-34. PMID: 10331407
2. Exendin-4 decelerates food intake, weight gain, and fat deposition in Zucker rats.  |  Szayna, M., et al. 2000. Endocrinology. 141: 1936-41. PMID: 10830274
3. Release of exendin-4 is controlled by mechanical action in Gila monsters, Heloderma suspectum.  |  Christel, CM. and Denardo, DF. 2006. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 143: 85-8. PMID: 16321550
4. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reverses hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice.  |  Ding, X., et al. 2006. Hepatology. 43: 173-81. PMID: 16374859
5. Exendin-4 induction of cyclin D1 expression in INS-1 beta-cells: involvement of cAMP-responsive element.  |  Kim, MJ., et al. 2006. J Endocrinol. 188: 623-33. PMID: 16522741
6. Exendin-4 treatment improves metabolic control after rat islet transplantation to athymic mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.  |  Sharma, A., et al. 2006. Diabetologia. 49: 1247-53. PMID: 16609877
7. Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4.  |  Ranta, F., et al. 2006. Diabetes. 55: 1380-90. PMID: 16644695
8. Absence of exendin-4 effects on postprandial glucose and lipids in the Gila monster, Heloderma suspectum.  |  Christel, CM. and Denardo, DF. 2007. J Comp Physiol B. 177: 129-34. PMID: 16972064