V-ATPase C2 Activators
V-ATPase C2 activators are a diverse class of compounds that can enhance the activity of V-ATPase C2, a subunit of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex, through various cellular mechanisms. These activators can act by increasing the intracellular concentrations of ions such as calcium and zinc, which are critical for the assembly and functioning of V-ATPase. Additionally, they can activate kinases like PKA, leading to the phosphorylation and modulation of proteins that regulate V-ATPase assembly and trafficking. Compounds such as Bafilomycin A1 and Concanamycin A, in low doses, can also have a paradoxical upregulatory effect on V-ATPase due to the activation of cellular compensatory mechanisms. Other activators, like Forskolin and PTH analogs, utilize the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway to augment V-ATPase C2 activity by enhancing the pump's trafficking to the cell surface.
Furthermore, some activators can exert their influence on V-ATPase activity indirectly through modulating the energy status of the cell or through the inhibition of competing signaling pathways. Compounds like 2-DG and Genistein, for instance, create conditions within the cell that necessitate the activation of V-ATPase to restore homeostatic balance or to compensate for inhibited pathways, respectively. Agents like Lithium Chloride and NAD+ impact other signaling molecules and enzymes such as GSK-3 and sirtuins, which may influence the post-translational modification of V-ATPase C2 or its associated regulatory proteins. Collectively, these activators demonstrate the intricate web of cellular signaling pathways that converge on the modulation of V-ATPase, highlighting the complex regulation of this essential proton pump. The impact of these chemicals on V-ATPase C2 activity reflects the broad of small molecules to indirectly influence enzyme function by altering the cellular environment and signaling landscape in which such proteins operate.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
As a metal ionophore, Zinc Pyrithione increases intracellular zinc concentration, which can enhance the activity of V-ATPase C2 as zinc is known to play a role in modulating ion transport and V-ATPase assembly. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP, which activates PKA. PKA phosphorylation can lead to the activation of V-ATPase by promoting its assembly and trafficking to the plasma membrane, thus potentially enhancing the activity of V-ATPase C2. | ||||||
Parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) | 52232-67-4 | sc-487943 | 100 µg | $185.00 | ||
Although a biological material, synthetic PTH or its analogs can stimulate cAMP production, similarly leading to PKA activation, which could then enhance V-ATPase activity by increasing trafficking of the enzyme to the cell surface. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
Calcimycin is a calcium ionophore, elevating intracellular calcium that can activate calcineurin signaling, indirectly influencing V-ATPase assembly and activity as the pump can respond to changes in intracellular calcium levels. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $126.00 $328.00 | 30 | |
This cAMP analog is resistant to degradation by phosphodiesterases and activates PKA, which can phosphorylate components involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex, thus potentially enhancing V-ATPase C2 activity. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $45.00 $164.00 $200.00 $402.00 $575.00 $981.00 $2031.00 | 46 | |
Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, may indirectly increase V-ATPase activity by inhibiting competing signaling pathways, leading to increased trafficking and fusion of vesicles containing V-ATPase with the plasma membrane. | ||||||
NAD+, Free Acid | 53-84-9 | sc-208084B sc-208084 sc-208084A sc-208084C sc-208084D sc-208084E sc-208084F | 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg 5 kg | $57.00 $191.00 $302.00 $450.00 $1800.00 $3570.00 $10710.00 | 4 | |
NAD+ is a substrate for sirtuins which can deacetylate and activate proteins. If V-ATPase C2 is regulated by acetylation, increasing NAD+ levels could enhance its activity. | ||||||
2-Deoxy-D-glucose | 154-17-6 | sc-202010 sc-202010A | 1 g 5 g | $70.00 $215.00 | 26 | |
2-DG is a glycolysis inhibitor that can lead to cellular energy stress, which may trigger compensatory mechanisms that enhance V-ATPase activity as the cell attempts to maintain homeostasis. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium influences inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), which are involved in cellular signaling pathways. Modulation of these pathways can lead to changes in V-ATPase trafficking and assembly, indirectly enhancing V-ATPase C2 activity. | ||||||