VSTM4 Inhibitors

Chemical inhibitors of VSTM4 can affect immune regulation through various molecular pathways by interacting with different aspects of cell signaling and immune cell function. Palmitoleic acid incorporates into cell membranes, which may change membrane fluidity and, consequently, receptor signaling, including the signaling activities of VSTM4. Glycyrrhizin targets HMGB1, a component of the inflammatory response, thus inhibiting pathways in which VSTM4 is involved. Similarly, both parthenolide and andrographolide exert their effects by blocking NF-κB activation, a critical factor in immune response regulation, which in turn affects the signal transduction of VSTM4. Epigallocatechin gallate, by inhibiting T-cell activation and cytokine production, can interfere with the immune response processes associated with VSTM4.

Continuing with this theme, curcumin suppresses NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which can influence VSTM4's modulatory functions within the immune system. Resveratrol modulates sirtuin activity, which has downstream effects on NF-κB signaling pathways, thus affecting VSTM4 functions. Quercetin inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, a key player in cell survival signaling, indirectly impacting VSTM4's regulatory roles. Genistein targets tyrosine kinases involved in various signaling pathways, including those relevant to VSTM4's role in immune responses. Apigenin affects VSTM4 by modulating signaling pathways mediated by NF-κB. Baicalin acts by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, affecting immune mechanisms where VSTM4 is a participant. Lastly, wogonin can influence VSTM4's regulatory functions by modulating GABA receptors, which are known to affect cytokine production and immune cell responses.