UBA3 Activators
Common UBA3 Activators include, but are not limited to Spermidine CAS 124-20-9, Kinetin CAS 525-79-1, Trichostatin A CAS 58880-19-6, Rapamycin CAS 53123-88-9 and MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] CAS 133407-82-6.
UBA3 (Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 3) is a crucial enzyme in the ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) conjugation pathway, specifically involved in the activation of NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like molecule. This enzyme forms a part of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) complex, which is essential for the neddylation process-a post-translational modification where NEDD8 is covalently attached to target proteins. Neddylation, akin to ubiquitination, alters the function, localization, or stability of substrate proteins and is pivotal for regulating various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and responses to stress. UBA3 plays a fundamental role in this pathway by catalyzing the first step in the neddylation cycle: the ATP-dependent activation of NEDD8. This activation is critical for the conjugation of NEDD8 to its substrates, a process that requires precise enzymatic coordination to ensure the transfer of NEDD8 from UBA3 to its target proteins through a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes, similar to the ubiquitination pathway.
The activation mechanism of UBA3 involves the formation of a heterodimer with UBA1 (also known as NAE1), which together bind ATP and NEDD8, facilitating the adenylation of the C-terminal glycine of NEDD8. This adenylation is a critical activation step, enabling the subsequent transfer of NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of UBA3 in an ATP-dependent manner. The formation of this thioester bond between NEDD8 and UBA3 is a key regulatory point in the neddylation pathway, determining the specificity and efficiency of NEDD8 transfer to downstream E2 enzymes and, ultimately, to substrate proteins. The intricate regulation of UBA3's activity is further modulated by the interaction with other cellular proteins and post-translational modifications, which can affect its stability, localization, and interaction with NEDD8 and E2 enzymes. These regulatory mechanisms ensure that neddylation is tightly controlled in response to cellular needs, allowing UBA3 to modulate various biological processes by influencing the function and degradation of key regulatory proteins. Through its central role in the neddylation pathway, UBA3 orchestrates the dynamic modulation of protein function, playing a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to cellular signals and stress conditions.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spermidine | 124-20-9 | sc-215900 sc-215900B sc-215900A | 1 g 25 g 5 g | $57.00 $607.00 $176.00 | ||
Spermidine promotes the autophagic process by activating the AMPK pathway. UBA3 is implicated in protein turnover and autophagy through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Thus, spermidine may indirectly enhance UBA3's role in protein degradation. | ||||||
Kinetin | 525-79-1 | sc-207780 sc-207780A | 1 g 5 g | $38.00 $48.00 | ||
N6-furfuryladenine, also known as kinetin, is involved in plant growth and differentiation. It activates the AKT/mTOR pathway, which has been linked to the regulation of protein ubiquitination, a process directly involving UBA3. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $152.00 $479.00 $632.00 $1223.00 $2132.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A is an HDAC inhibitor that can increase acetylation levels in the cell, potentially modifying protein stability and interactions, which could lead to enhanced activity of UBA3 as it is involved in protein ubiquitination processes. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin is a specific mTOR inhibitor that can promote the degradation of misfolded proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, potentially increasing the activity of UBA3 by enhancing its substrate availability. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG132 is a proteasome inhibitor that leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which could indirectly increase the activity of UBA3 by upregulating the ubiquitination process to compensate for proteasome inhibition. | ||||||
Chloroquine | 54-05-7 | sc-507304 | 250 mg | $69.00 | 2 | |
Chloroquine inhibits autophagy by preventing lysosomal acidification, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes. This process may require enhanced ubiquitination activity, potentially increasing the functional activity of UBA3. | ||||||
Nicotinamide | 98-92-0 | sc-208096 sc-208096A sc-208096B sc-208096C | 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $44.00 $66.00 $204.00 $831.00 | 6 | |
Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of sirtuins, which can increase the levels of protein acetylation in the cell. This may affect the ubiquitin-proteasome system and thus indirectly enhance the activity of UBA3. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation and can lead to ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR increases the demand for protein degradation, potentially enhancing the functional activity of UBA3. | ||||||
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | sc-201445 sc-201445A | 100 mg 500 mg | $111.00 $357.00 | 8 | |
Thalidomide promotes the degradation of specific transcription factors via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. By enhancing this pathway, thalidomide could indirectly increase the activity of UBA3 by upregulating ubiquitination processes. | ||||||
17-AAG | 75747-14-7 | sc-200641 sc-200641A | 1 mg 5 mg | $67.00 $156.00 | 16 | |
17-AAG is an HSP90 inhibitor that leads to the degradation of its client proteins. This process is often mediated by ubiquitination, potentially increasing the demand for UBA3's ubiquitin-activating function. | ||||||