TTYH3 Activators
TTYH3 activators encompass a category of chemical agents that specifically target and enhance the function of TTYH3, also known as Tweety Homologue 3. TTYH3 is a member of the Tweety family of proteins, which are thought to be involved in cellular processes such as ion transport and cell volume regulation. These proteins are characterized by their multiple transmembrane domains and are thought to function as chloride channels or regulators of such channels in various cell types. The activation of TTYH3 by these chemical agents could potentially modify the conductance of chloride ions across the cell membrane, influencing the electrochemical gradient and cellular homeostasis. The exact modality of activation by these compounds could involve direct interaction with TTYH3, leading to a change in its conformation and subsequent increase in channel activity, or may involve a more indirect pathway, such as upregulating the expression of TTYH3 or stabilizing the protein to ensure its presence and function at the cell membrane.
The design and development of TTYH3 activators are underpinned by a robust understanding of the protein's structure and the biophysical mechanisms of its channel activity. Advanced imaging techniques, such as X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy, can reveal the three-dimensional structure of TTYH3, providing insights into potential binding sites for activators and the conformational changes necessary for channel activation. With this information, chemists and molecular biologists can harness computational modeling to simulate and predict how small molecules might interact with TTYH3. These predictions guide the synthesis of candidate molecules, which are then subjected to a battery of in vitro and in cellulo assays to test their ability to bind to TTYH3 and affect its function as a chloride channel or channel regulator.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187, a well-known calcium ionophore, can robustly increase intracellular calcium levels. This surge in calcium may stimulate the cellular machinery to upregulate the expression of TTYH3, given its role in calcium signal transduction. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a potent inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum's calcium ATPase. By inhibiting this ATPase, thapsigargin incites an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, which may act as a signal to induce the expression of TTYH3. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $96.00 $264.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a potent ionophore that facilitates the passage of calcium ions through cell membranes, hence elevating intracellular calcium levels. This rise in calcium concentration could trigger a cellular response leading to the upregulation of TTYH3. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is known for its capacity to activate adenylate cyclase, thereby increasing cAMP levels. The rise in cAMP levels may drive a downstream cascade that leads to the heightened expression of ion channels, potentially including TTYH3. | ||||||
Potassium Chloride | 7447-40-7 | sc-203207 sc-203207A sc-203207B sc-203207C | 500 g 2 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $55.00 $155.00 $285.00 $455.00 | 5 | |
Increasing extracellular K+ concentration with KCl can incite changes in cellular responses, including calcium signaling pathways. These alterations may result in the enhanced expression of TTYH3. | ||||||
Nifedipine | 21829-25-4 | sc-3589 sc-3589A | 1 g 5 g | $59.00 $173.00 | 15 | |
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that primarily reduces intracellular Ca2+. However, cells may respond to this decrease by upregulating calcium channels, including TTYH3, to maintain homeostasis of calcium levels. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $63.00 $182.00 | 8 | |
As a hormone, β-Estradiol has been shown to stimulate calcium influx in certain cell types. This increase in calcium influx might result in the heightened expression of TTYH3. | ||||||
BAPTA/AM | 126150-97-8 | sc-202488 sc-202488A | 25 mg 100 mg | $138.00 $458.00 | 61 | |
BAPTA/AM acts as a cell-permeable calcium chelator, effectively reducing intracellular Ca2+ levels. This decrease in calcium could potentially stimulate a compensatory upregulation of calcium channels, including TTYH3. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, can stimulate calcium signaling in many cell types. This stimulation might result in the upregulation of calcium channels like TTYH3. | ||||||
ADP | 58-64-0 | sc-507362 | 5 g | $54.00 | ||
In the extracellular space, ATP can stimulate calcium influx through P2X receptors. This stimulated influx might lead to the increased expression of TTYH3. | ||||||