TMEM33 Activators
TMEM33 activators are chemicals that can indirectly influence the function of the TMEM33 protein. TMEM33 is involved in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and is associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway activated in response to ER stress. Therefore, chemicals that induce ER stress, such as those listed above, indirectly modulate TMEM33.
The ER is responsible for protein folding, and when this process is disrupted, misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, causing ER stress. This stress activates the UPR, a cellular response aimed at restoring normal ER function. The UPR involves several signaling pathways, and TMEM33 has been implicated in these pathways. Thus, chemicals that induce ER stress can indirectly activate TMEM33 by triggering the UPR. For instance, A23187 disrupts ER calcium stores, a critical component in protein folding, thereby inducing ER stress. Other chemicals, such as azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, directly interfere with protein folding processes in the ER, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and ER stress. Another group of chemicals, including eeyarestatin I, disrupt the trafficking and degradation of ER proteins, causing protein accumulation in the ER and inducing ER stress.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homocysteine | 6027-13-0 | sc-507315 | 250 mg | $195.00 | ||
Homocysteine is an amino acid that, when in high concentrations, can induce ER stress and subsequently activate the UPR and potentially TMEM33. | ||||||
L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | 2133-34-8 | sc-263441 sc-263441A | 1 g 5 g | $139.00 $421.00 | 1 | |
Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a proline analog that can be mistakenly incorporated into proteins, causing protein misfolding, ER stress, and potentially activating the UPR and TMEM33. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $153.00 $396.00 | 113 | |
Staurosporine is a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor that can disrupt multiple cellular processes, potentially inducing ER stress and the UPR, in which TMEM33 is involved. | ||||||
Eeyarestatin I | 412960-54-4 | sc-358130B sc-358130 sc-358130A sc-358130C sc-358130D sc-358130E | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $114.00 $203.00 $354.00 $697.00 $1363.00 $5836.00 | 12 | |
Eeyarestatin I inhibits ER-associated degradation (ERAD), a pathway that disposes of misfolded ER proteins. Its inhibition leads to protein accumulation in the ER, inducing ER stress and potentially activating the UPR and TMEM33. | ||||||
Geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | sc-200617B sc-200617C sc-200617 sc-200617A | 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $39.00 $59.00 $104.00 $206.00 | 8 | |
Geldanamycin is an Hsp90 inhibitor that can cause accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER, leading to ER stress and potentially activating the UPR and TMEM33. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a mobile ion carrier that transports calcium across biological membranes. Its action can disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis, resulting in ER stress and potentially activating the UPR and TMEM33. | ||||||