OR4C13 Activators

OR4C13 can initiate a cascade of intracellular events leading to its activation. Isoproterenol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, engages with beta-adrenergic receptors, which can result in the activation of adenylate cyclase and a subsequent rise in cyclic AMP levels. This increase in cyclic AMP facilitates the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which is known to phosphorylate various proteins, including those in the olfactory signaling pathways where OR4C13 is involved. Similarly, Forskolin, by directly stimulating adenylyl cyclase, bypasses receptor interaction and leads to an elevated cyclic AMP concentration that activates PKA, which in turn can act on OR4C13. IBMX, with its phosphodiesterase inhibiting properties, prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP, thus sustaining PKA activation and influencing the activity of OR4C13.

VU0359595, a selective agonist for GPR3, is capable of increasing cyclic AMP production, which also leads to PKA activation and may influence OR4C13 activity. Epinephrine, through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, and Terbutaline, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, both lead to increased cyclic AMP and PKA activation, following a similar route as Isoproterenol. Dopamine and Histamine act on their respective Gs-protein coupled receptors, D1-like and H2, to increase cyclic AMP and activate PKA, which can play a role in the activation of OR4C13. Adenosine, interacting with A2A receptors, and PGE2, through EP2 and EP4 receptors, both raise cyclic AMP levels, enabling PKA to phosphorylate and influence proteins in the olfactory signaling pathways, including OR4C13. Lastly, Rolipram and Zaprinast inhibit specific phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to an accumulation of cyclic AMP and sustained activation of PKA, which may enhance the activity of OR4C13 within olfactory signal transduction.