MHC class IIβ Inhibitors

MHC class IIβ inhibitors, as described above, comprise a diverse set of chemicals that predominantly function by influencing the pathways and cellular processes surrounding MHC class II antigen presentation rather than directly targeting the protein itself. These chemicals often interfere with the intricate cellular machinery involved in processing and presenting antigens, leading to reduced or altered MHC class II activity.

For instance, Chloroquine and Leupeptin can obstruct antigen processing by manipulating endosomal acidification and protein degradation respectively. Brefeldin A and Monensin, on the other hand, act on the transport mechanisms of the cell, limiting the presence of MHC class II on the cell surface, hence affecting antigen presentation. Some of these chemicals, such as Cyclosporine A and Rapamycin, are known for their profound effects on T cell activation and proliferation, providing indirect influence on MHC class II mediated immune responses. Other inhibitors, like MG-132 and Epoxomicin, specifically target proteasomes, essential components in the antigen-processing pathway.