Glycogenin-1 Activators
Glycogenin-1 (GYG1) Activators encompass a range of chemical compounds that facilitate the functional activity of GYG1, primarily through substrate provision, modulation of insulin signaling, and altering cellular environments conducive to glycogen synthesis. Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose disodium salt from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a direct activator, serving as an essential substrate that GYG1 uses to initiate glycogen synthesis by glycosylating itself. This self-glycosylation is a critical first step in forming the glycogen molecule. Similarly, Adenosine-5'-Diphosphate, free acid plays a supporting role in this process; as ATP is converted to ADP, energy is released, which is necessary for the elongation of the glycogen chain, a process where GYG1's catalytic activity is vital. Insulin and agents like Vanadium(IV) Sulfate indirectly enhance GYG1's activity by stimulating insulin signaling pathways, leading to a cascade of phosphorylation events that can activate enzymes interacting with GYG1, thereby facilitating glycogen synthesis.
Furthermore, compounds such as Forskolin and Berberine modulate the cellular environment to favor GYG1 activation. Forskolin, by elevating cAMP levels and activating Protein Kinase A (PKA), alters the phosphorylation state of various proteins in the glycogen synthesis pathway, enhancing GYG1 activity. Berberine also contributes by affecting insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, creating conditions that support glycogen storage and thus, GYG1 function. Other activators, like Ciglitazone and Metformin, work by improving insulin sensitivity, thereby promoting an environment conducive to GYG1-mediated glycogen synthesis. Lastly, Dexamethasone, though a glucocorticoid with complex effects on glucose metabolism, can acutely trigger mechanisms that favor glycogen synthesis, thereby enhancing the role of GYG1. Collectively, these activators illustrate the intricate regulation of GYG1, highlighting the diverse ways through which cellular energy status, hormonal signaling, and metabolic pathways converge to modulate glycogen synthesis.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt from Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 28053-08-9 | sc-222402 sc-222402A | 10 mg 25 mg | $27.00 $34.00 | ||
Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose disodium salt from Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly enhances Glycogenin-1 (GYG1) activity by serving as a substrate for the initial glycosylation step. GYG1 catalyzes the addition of glucose from UDP-Glucose to itself, initiating glycogen synthesis. This direct substrate provision is crucial for GYG1's enzymatic action in glycogen priming. | ||||||
Adenosine-5′-Diphosphate, free acid | 58-64-0 | sc-291846 sc-291846A sc-291846B sc-291846C sc-291846D sc-291846E | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g 100 g 500 g | $79.00 $184.00 $348.00 $942.00 $4688.00 $9370.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine-5'-Diphosphate, free acid indirectly enhances GYG1 activity. During glycogen synthesis, the conversion of ATP to ADP releases energy required for the addition of glucose units. This energy release indirectly facilitates GYG1's role in catalyzing glycogen chain elongation. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin indirectly enhances GYG1 activity by activating the insulin signaling pathway, which leads to a cascade of phosphorylation events. These events can result in the activation of enzymes that interact with or modify GYG1, thus promoting glycogen synthesis. | ||||||
8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 23583-48-4 | sc-217493B sc-217493 sc-217493A sc-217493C sc-217493D | 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $108.00 $169.00 $295.00 $561.00 $835.00 | 2 | |
8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate is a PKA activator that indirectly enhances GYG1 activity. PKA, upon activation, can phosphorylate targets in the glycogen synthesis pathway, potentially leading to a change in the cellular environment that favors GYG1 activation and glycogen synthesis. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin indirectly enhances GYG1 activity by increasing cAMP levels and activating PKA. This activation can lead to changes in the phosphorylation state of enzymes and substrates involved in glycogen synthesis, thereby potentially influencing GYG1 activity. | ||||||
Berberine | 2086-83-1 | sc-507337 | 250 mg | $92.00 | 1 | |
Berberine indirectly enhances GYG1 activity by modulating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. This modulation can lead to a cellular state that supports GYG1's role in glycogen synthesis, especially under conditions favoring glycogen storage. | ||||||
Ciglitazone | 74772-77-3 | sc-200902 sc-200902A | 5 mg 25 mg | $104.00 $428.00 | 10 | |
Ciglitazone indirectly enhances GYG1 activity by activating PPAR-gamma, which can influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Improved insulin sensitivity may lead to a cellular environment that supports GYG1's glycogen synthase activity. | ||||||
Metformin | 657-24-9 | sc-507370 | 10 mg | $79.00 | 2 | |
Metformin indirectly enhances GYG1 activity by improving insulin sensitivity and altering glucose metabolism. These changes can create a favorable environment for GYG1-mediated glycogen synthesis, especially in a state of increased insulin signaling. | ||||||
Dexamethasone | 50-02-2 | sc-29059 sc-29059B sc-29059A | 100 mg 1 g 5 g | $91.00 $139.00 $374.00 | 36 | |
Dexamethasone indirectly enhances GYG1 activity. As a glucocorticoid, it can alter glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Changes can stimulate mechanisms that favor glycogen synthesis, potentially enhancing GYG1 activity. | ||||||