Expansin Inhibitors
Chemical inhibitors of expansin can disrupt its function through various biochemical and cellular pathways. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic auxin analog, can inhibit expansin by perturbing the cell wall's sensitivity to natural auxins, which are pivotal in regulating expansin-mediated cell wall loosening. By altering auxin equilibrium, the normal activation of expansin during cell wall modification is disrupted. Similarly, α-Cyclopiazonic acid, by inhibiting calcium pumps, causes a rise in cytosolic calcium levels, which can derail calcium-dependent signaling pathways crucial for expansin activity. Brefeldin A and Endosidin 9 target the secretory pathway; Brefeldin A disrupts the Golgi-mediated vesicle trafficking, while Endosidin 9 inhibits the exocyst complex involved in vesicle tethering, both crucial for the proper localization of expansins to the cell wall.
Moreover, Tunicamycin can inhibit the proper folding and functionality of expansins by preventing N-linked glycosylation, which is vital for protein stability. E64 can inhibit the processing of expansin precursors by targeting cysteine proteases involved in protein maturation. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, can lead to the accumulation of negative regulatory proteins of expansin, reducing its function. Manzamine A and Latrunculin B can disrupt the cytoskeleton; Manzamine A affects microtubule dynamics, while Latrunculin B prevents actin polymerization, both essential for the transport of expansins to the cell wall. Thapsigargin, another SERCA pump inhibitor, raises cytosolic calcium levels which can inhibit signaling pathways that regulate expansin's role in cell wall remodeling. Tyrphostin A23 disrupts phosphorylation pathways that affect the trafficking of expansins. Finally, Dynasore impairs dynamin-mediated vesicle scission, which is essential for the secretion of expansins to the cell wall where they can facilitate cell loosening. Collectively, these chemicals can inhibit expansin by targeting distinct, but interrelated cellular processes that are critical for the proper function of expansin in cell wall modification.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid | 94-75-7 | sc-205097 sc-205097A sc-205097B sc-205097C sc-205097D | 10 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 500 g | $26.00 $37.00 $48.00 $94.00 $317.00 | 1 | |
This synthetic auxin mimic inhibits expansin by altering the cell wall's response to endogenous auxins, which are known to regulate expansin activity and thereby promote cell wall loosening. By altering the auxin equilibrium, this compound disrupts the normal signaling pathways that would activate expansin during cell wall modification. | ||||||
Cyclopiazonic Acid | 18172-33-3 | sc-201510 sc-201510A | 10 mg 50 mg | $176.00 $624.00 | 3 | |
Inhibits calcium pumps such as SERCA, leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels which may alter calcium-dependent signaling pathways that regulate expansin activity. Elevated cytosolic calcium could disrupt the signaling that controls cell wall remodeling where expansins are involved. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $31.00 $53.00 $124.00 $374.00 | 25 | |
Disrupts vesicle trafficking from the Golgi apparatus, potentially impacting the secretion of expansins to the cell wall where they function. By preventing proper localization of expansins, their ability to facilitate cell wall loosening is inhibited. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Inhibits N-linked glycosylation in the ER, which could affect the proper folding and functionality of expansins. Glycosylation is important for the stability and function of many proteins, and its inhibition could result in non-functional expansins being produced. | ||||||
E-64 | 66701-25-5 | sc-201276 sc-201276A sc-201276B | 5 mg 25 mg 250 mg | $281.00 $947.00 $1574.00 | 14 | |
A cysteine protease inhibitor that could inhibit the processing of expansin precursors, as some proteases are involved in protein maturation and activation. By inhibiting these proteases, the activation of expansins can be inhibited. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
A proteasome inhibitor that could lead to reduced degradation of regulatory proteins that negatively control expansin activity, resulting in a decrease in expansin function due to an increased presence of its negative regulators. | ||||||
Latrunculin B | 76343-94-7 | sc-203318 | 1 mg | $240.00 | 29 | |
Binds to actin monomers and prevents the polymerization of actin filaments, which could affect the cytoskeleton-dependent transport of expansins, inhibiting their delivery to the cell wall and subsequent activity. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
A SERCA pump inhibitor that leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium, potentially disrupting calcium-dependent signaling pathways that regulate expansin activity. Elevated cytosolic calcium could inhibit the signaling that controls cell wall remodeling where expansins are involved. | ||||||
Tyrphostin A23 | 118409-57-7 | sc-3554 | 10 mg | $112.00 | 13 | |
Inhibitor of tyrosine kinase that can affect phosphorylation status of proteins involved in the trafficking and secretion of expansins, thereby inhibiting their transport and function in cell wall modification. | ||||||
Dynamin Inhibitor I, Dynasore | 304448-55-3 | sc-202592 | 10 mg | $89.00 | 44 | |
A GTPase inhibitor that impairs the function of dynamin, affecting vesicle scission and potentially the secretion of expansins to the plant cell wall, thereby inhibiting their role in cell wall loosening. | ||||||