CTLA-4 Activators
CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4) Activators are a class of molecules that play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. These activators are primarily involved in fine-tuning the immune response, disrupting excessive immune reactions, and maintaining immune homeostasis. CTLA-4 is a cell surface receptor expressed on T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the adaptive immune system. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. CTLA-4 activators, as the name suggests, modulate the activity of CTLA-4, either by enhancing or inhibiting its function, to influence the immune response.
One of the key functions of CTLA-4 is to downregulate T-cell activation by competing with another co-stimulatory molecule called CD28. When T cells are activated, CD28 on their surface binds to CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T-cell activation and proliferation. CTLA-4, however, has a higher affinity for CD80/CD86 and, when expressed, outcompetes CD28 for binding. This results in a dampening of T-cell activation and helps hinder uncontrolled immune responses. CTLA-4 activators can modulate this delicate balance by either enhancing CTLA-4's inhibitory signals or interfering with its function, thus affecting the magnitude and duration of immune responses.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $87.00 | 9 | |
Valproic acid is an HDAC inhibitor that can indirectly enhance CTLA-4 expression by promoting a more permissive chromatin structure around the CTLA-4 gene, allowing for increased transcription. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that may indirectly increase CTLA-4 expression by inhibiting mTOR, which negatively regulates CTLA-4 in T cells. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $67.00 $284.00 | 6 | |
Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist that can indirectly lead to CTLA-4 upregulation as part of the immune response to TLR activation. | ||||||
Aspirin | 50-78-2 | sc-202471 sc-202471A | 5 g 50 g | $20.00 $42.00 | 4 | |
Aspirin is a COX inhibitor that may indirectly affect CTLA-4 expression due to its role in modulating the production of COX products involved in immune regulation. | ||||||
Rosiglitazone | 122320-73-4 | sc-202795 sc-202795A sc-202795C sc-202795D sc-202795B | 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g | $120.00 $326.00 $634.00 $947.00 $1259.00 | 38 | |
Rosiglitazone is a PPAR agonist that can indirectly induce CTLA-4 expression as PPARs are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. | ||||||
5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine | 2353-33-5 | sc-202424 sc-202424A sc-202424B | 25 mg 100 mg 250 mg | $218.00 $322.00 $426.00 | 7 | |
Decitabine is an epigenetic modifier that can indirectly regulate CTLA-4 expression by altering DNA methylation patterns around the CTLA-4 gene. | ||||||
Wortmannin | 19545-26-7 | sc-3505 sc-3505A sc-3505B | 1 mg 5 mg 20 mg | $67.00 $223.00 $425.00 | 97 | |
Wortmannin is a PI3K inhibitor that may indirectly enhance CTLA-4 expression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is involved in T cell activation and regulation. | ||||||
SB 203580 | 152121-47-6 | sc-3533 sc-3533A | 1 mg 5 mg | $90.00 $349.00 | 284 | |
SB203580 is a MAPK inhibitor that can indirectly impact CTLA-4 expression by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway, which plays a role in immune responses. | ||||||
DAPT | 208255-80-5 | sc-201315 sc-201315A sc-201315B sc-201315C | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 1 g | $40.00 $120.00 $480.00 $2141.00 | 47 | |
DAPT is a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor that may indirectly influence CTLA-4 expression by modulating Notch signaling, which plays a role in T cell differentiation. | ||||||