cryptdin 4 Activators
Defa4, a member of the defensin family, exhibits a crucial role in host defense mechanisms by enabling phospholipid binding activity and participating in the killing of cells of other organisms. Situated in the extracellular space, Defa4 is expressed in the duodenum and ileum, underscoring its significance in maintaining the antibacterial humoral response and contributing to membrane disruption.
Activation of Defa4 involves direct and indirect mechanisms. Phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, directly enhance Defa4's phospholipid binding activity, reinforcing its function in membrane disruption and antibacterial responses. Indirectly, compounds like oleic acid and bile acids activate PPAR-γ and FXR, respectively, leading to increased Defa4 expression and amplifying its role in host defense. Oleic acid, for instance, activates PPAR-γ, resulting in upregulated Defa4 expression, thereby influencing antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption. These intricate interactions highlight the multifaceted regulatory network governing Defa4 activation, providing potential avenues for further exploration in understanding host defense at the molecular level.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oleic Acid | 112-80-1 | sc-200797C sc-200797 sc-200797A sc-200797B | 1 g 10 g 100 g 250 g | $37.00 $104.00 $580.00 $1196.00 | 10 | |
Fatty acid indirectly influencing Defa4. Activates PPAR-γ, leading to upregulation of Defa4 expression in the duodenum and ileum. Enhances antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption in other organisms. Impacts phospholipid binding activity, indirectly contributing to Defa4 activation. | ||||||
Cholic acid | 81-25-4 | sc-255020 sc-255020A sc-255020B sc-255020C sc-255020D | 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg 5 kg | $49.00 $123.00 $578.00 $1018.00 $4570.00 | 11 | |
Bile acid indirectly activating Defa4. Binds to FXR, initiating a cascade that upregulates Defa4 expression. Enhances membrane disruption and antibacterial humoral responses in the duodenum and ileum. Influences phospholipid binding activity, indirectly promoting Defa4 function. | ||||||
Taurine | 107-35-7 | sc-202354 sc-202354A | 25 g 500 g | $48.00 $102.00 | 1 | |
Amino acid indirectly impacting Defa4 activation. Activates FXR, influencing Defa4 expression and contributing to membrane disruption and antibacterial humoral responses in the extracellular space of the duodenum and ileum. Modulates phospholipid binding activity, indirectly supporting Defa4 function. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Metabolite of vitamin A indirectly influencing Defa4. Activates RAR, leading to upregulated Defa4 expression. Enhances antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption in the extracellular space of the duodenum and ileum. Indirectly modulates phospholipid binding activity, contributing to Defa4 activation. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $31.00 $47.00 $84.00 $222.00 | 19 | |
Short-chain fatty acid impacting Defa4 activation. Acts as an HDAC inhibitor, enhancing Defa4 expression in the duodenum and ileum. Contributes to membrane disruption and antibacterial humoral responses, indirectly influencing phospholipid binding activity and supporting Defa4 function. | ||||||
5-Aminosalicylic acid | 89-57-6 | sc-202890 | 5 g | $27.00 | 4 | |
A derivative of salicylic acid indirectly influencing Defa4. Activates PPAR-γ, leading to increased Defa4 expression. Enhances antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption in the extracellular space of the duodenum and ileum. Modulates phospholipid binding activity, indirectly supporting Defa4 function. | ||||||
L-α-Lysophosphatidylcholine (from egg yolk) | 9008-30-4 | sc-473611 sc-473611A sc-473611B sc-473611C | 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $87.00 $235.00 $607.00 $1102.00 | 1 | |
A lysophospholipid impacting Defa4 activation. Directly influences phospholipid binding activity, enhancing Defa4's role in membrane disruption and antibacterial humoral responses in the duodenum and ileum. Indirectly affects downstream pathways related to cell killing in other organisms. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $71.00 $163.00 $296.00 | 2 | |
Cholecalciferol indirectly influencing Defa4 activation. Activates VDR, leading to upregulated Defa4 expression. Enhances antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption in the extracellular space of the duodenum and ileum. Indirectly modulates phospholipid binding activity, supporting Defa4 function. | ||||||
Glycocholic acid | 475-31-0 | sc-218574 sc-218574A sc-218574B sc-218574C sc-218574D sc-218574E | 100 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 50 g 100 g | $73.00 $188.00 $680.00 $1259.00 $1675.00 $3131.00 | 4 | |
Conjugated bile acid impacting Defa4 activation. Binds to FXR, leading to increased Defa4 expression. Enhances antibacterial humoral responses and membrane disruption in the extracellular space of the duodenum and ileum. Indirectly modulates phospholipid binding activity, supporting Defa4 function. | ||||||