Cholic acid (CAS 81-25-4)

Cholic acid, an endogenous bile acid, naturally occurs in the human body and plays a role in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Derived from cholesterol through liver synthesis, it is then released into the small intestine to facilitate absorption. As a vital component of bile acid synthesis, cholic acid is indispensable for the effective digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Additionally, cholic acid exhibits significant biological activities and has found utility in diverse scientific research endeavors. Researchers have harnessed cholic acid to investigate various aspects of its biological effects. Studies have explored its impact on gastrointestinal motility, lipid metabolism, and intestinal absorption, shedding light on the influence of bile acids. Furthermore, investigations have delved into its role in the development and progression of diseases such as gallstone formation, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Cholic acid has also contributed to the understanding of cell growth, signal transduction, and gene expression affected by bile acids. Although the precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood, cholic acid has been observed to interact with nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). These receptors play pivotal roles in regulating bile acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.