AMPKγ1 Activators

The chemical class termed AMPKγ1 Activators comprises a diverse array of compounds that indirectly influence the activity of the AMPKγ1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. These compounds primarily function by modulating cellular energy status, mitochondrial function, and redox balance, leading to the activation of AMPK, including its γ1 subunit.

Compounds such as Metformin, AICAR, and Berberine are key examples in this class. They activate AMPK by altering the AMP/ATP ratio within the cell. Metformin and Berberine inhibit mitochondrial complex I, leading to increased AMP levels relative to ATP, which activates AMPK. AICAR mimics AMP and directly activates AMPK. These mechanisms ensure that when cellular energy levels are low, AMPK, including AMPKγ1, is activated to restore energy balance.,Other notable compounds like Resveratrol, Salicylate, and SRT1720 exert their effects through pathways related to deacetylation and antioxidant properties. Resveratrol and SRT1720 activate SIRT1, which in turn activates AMPK through the deacetylation of LKB1, a kinase upstream of AMPK. Salicylate activates AMPK by inhibiting deacetylase activity. Additionally, molecules such as Quercetin, EGCG, Curcumin, and Capsaicin activate AMPK through various mechanisms related to oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and calcium.