Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4): sc-52726

Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects the Shigatoxin 1 protein of E. coli origin by western blotting (WB). Anti-Shigatoxin 1 antibody (13C4) is available as the non-conjugated format. Shigatoxin 1 (Stx1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children globally. Stx1 is secreted by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and functions to inhibit protein synthesis in host cells, leading to severe inflammatory responses. Stx1 achieves this by increasing the release of arachidonate and eicosanoids in glomerular epithelial cells, which in turn stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The interaction of Stx1 with globotriaosylceramide on the surface of renal cells is particularly significant, as this interaction facilitates toxin entry and exacerbates the inflammatory response, contributing to the renal damage observed in HUS. Furthermore, Stx1 overexpression has been shown to enhance IL-6 mRNA accumulation, indicating a role in promoting inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of Stx1 operation is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate these effects and combat severe complications associated with E. coli infections.

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Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4) References:

1. Shiga toxin-1 regulation of cytokine production by human glomerular epithelial cells.  |  Hughes, AK., et al. 2001. Nephron. 88: 14-23. PMID: 11340345
2. Effect of shigatoxin-1 on arachidonic acid release by human glomerular epithelial cells.  |  Schmid, DI. and Kohan, DE. 2001. Kidney Int. 60: 1026-36. PMID: 11532097
3. Sex steroids do not affect shigatoxin cytotoxicity on human renal tubular or glomerular cells.  |  Hughes, AK., et al. 2002. BMC Nephrol. 3: 6. PMID: 12181081
4. Molecular basis for high renal cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of shigatoxin-1: upregulation of globotriaosylceramide expression.  |  Hughes, AK., et al. 2002. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13: 2239-45. PMID: 12191968
5. Shigatoxin-1 binding and receptor expression in human kidneys do not change with age.  |  Ergonul, Z., et al. 2003. Pediatr Nephrol. 18: 246-53. PMID: 12644917
6. Escherichia coli Shiga toxin 1 and TNF-alpha induce cytokine release by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.  |  Eisenhauer, PB., et al. 2004. Microb Pathog. 36: 189-96. PMID: 15001224
7. Regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by Shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharides in the human monocytic cell line THP-1.  |  Harrison, LM., et al. 2004. Infect Immun. 72: 2618-27. PMID: 15102770
8. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ameliorates cytokine up-regulated shigatoxin-1 toxicity in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.  |  Stricklett, PK., et al. 2005. J Infect Dis. 191: 461-71. PMID: 15633106
9. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Psittaciformes.  |  Schremmer, C., et al. 1999. Avian Pathol. 28: 349-54. PMID: 26905491
10. Is Shigatoxin 1 protective for the development of Shigatoxin 2-related hemolytic uremic syndrome in children? Data from the ItalKid-HUS Network.  |  Ardissino, G., et al. 2020. Pediatr Nephrol. 35: 1997-2001. PMID: 32734345
11. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli.  |  Strockbine, NA., et al. 1985. Infect Immun. 50: 695-700. PMID: 3905611
12. Shiga toxin-1 regulation of cytokine production by human proximal tubule cells.  |  Hughes, AK., et al. 1998. Kidney Int. 54: 1093-106. PMID: 9767525

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4) has 2 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: Shigatoxin 1

Product Clone Name: 13C4

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG₁

Amino Acids:

Epitope Target: Shigatoxin 1

Epitope Species: E. coli

Product Reactivity/Detection: the 1B subunit of Shigatoxin 1

Species Reactivity/Detection: E. coli

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 100 µg IgG₁ in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 2 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for Shigatoxin 1 Antibody (13C4): N/A