DD1/2/3 Antibody (G-3): sc-398421

DD1/2/3 Antibody (G-3) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects DD1/2/3 protein of human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DD1/2/3 (G-3) antibody is available as the non-conjugated form. DD1/2/3 proteins, which include isoforms such as DD1 (AKR1C1), DD2 (AKR1C2), DD3 (AKR1C3), and DD4 (AKR1C4), play crucial roles in metabolizing various xenobiotics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and steroid hormones. These proteins are part of the aldo-oxo reductase/aldo-keto reductase superfamily and exhibit 20α- or 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, which is essential for converting active steroid hormones into inactive forms, thereby regulating hormonal activity and maintaining homeostasis. DD1 and DD2 are primarily involved in converting progesterone to 20α-hydroxyprogesterone, while DD3 uniquely catalyzes the dehydrogenation of specific dihydrodiols, highlighting the diverse functional capabilities of these enzymes. Expression patterns of these proteins vary, with DD1 and DD2 being ubiquitously expressed, while DD4 is predominantly found in the liver, indicating specialized roles in different tissues. DD1/2/3 proteins utilize NADH or NADPH as cofactors, further underscoring their importance in cellular metabolism and detoxification processes, making anti-DD1/2/3 antibody (G-3) a valuable tool for studying these critical pathways in human health and disease.

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DD1/2/3 Antibody (G-3) References:

1. Complete absence of Cockayne syndrome group B gene product gives rise to UV-sensitive syndrome but not Cockayne syndrome.  |  Horibata, K., et al. 2004. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101: 15410-5. PMID: 15486090
2. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1 messenger RNA in archival prostate carcinoma tissue.  |  Bialkowska-Hobrzanska, H., et al. 2006. Can J Urol. 13: 2967-74. PMID: 16515751
3. Cowden syndrome-affected patients with PTEN promoter mutations demonstrate abnormal protein translation.  |  Teresi, RE., et al. 2007. Am J Hum Genet. 81: 756-67. PMID: 17847000
4. First report of ovarian dysgerminoma in Cowden syndrome with germline PTEN mutation and PTEN-related 10q loss of tumor heterozygosity.  |  Cho, MY., et al. 2008. Am J Surg Pathol. 32: 1258-64. PMID: 18594467
5. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes.  |  Blumenthal, GM. and Dennis, PA. 2008. Eur J Hum Genet. 16: 1289-300. PMID: 18781191
6. PTEN: a new guardian of the genome.  |  Yin, Y. and Shen, WH. 2008. Oncogene. 27: 5443-53. PMID: 18794879
7. Kabuki syndrome and trisomy 10p.  |  Utine, GE., et al. 2008. Genet Couns. 19: 291-300. PMID: 18990985
8. Apparent late-onset Cockayne syndrome and interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 (del(10)(q11.23q21.2)).  |  Fryns, JP., et al. 1991. Am J Med Genet. 40: 343-4. PMID: 1951442
9. Prostate Cancer-Specific of DD3-driven Oncolytic Virus-harboring mK5 Gene.  |  Hao, J., et al. 2019. Open Med (Wars). 14: 1-9. PMID: 30613790
10. Effect of upregulation of DD3 on early detection and prognosis in prostate cancer.  |  Wang, K., et al. 2020. Transl Androl Urol. 9: 1550-1558. PMID: 32944517
11. Oncolytic Adenovirus with SPAG9 shRNA Driven by DD3 Promoter Improved the Efficacy of Docetaxil for Prostate Cancer.  |  Lu, M., et al. 2022. J Oncol. 2022: 7918067. PMID: 35535313
12. Chromosomal location of two human genes encoding tetrahydrobiopterin-metabolizing enzymes: 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase maps to 11q22.3-q23.3, and pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase maps to 10q22.  |  Thöny, B., et al. 1994. Genomics. 19: 365-8. PMID: 8188266

The preferred DD antibody is DD Antibody (C-12): sc-166297.