CD28 Antibody (CD28.2): sc-19655

CD28 Antibody (CD28.2) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 kappa light chain antibody that detects CD28 protein of human origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry (FCM). Anti-CD28 antibody (CD28.2) is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including agarose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), phycoerythrin (PE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. CD28 protein plays a crucial role in T cell activation and survival, serving as a primary co-stimulatory receptor that enhances T cell responses upon engagement with CD80 and CD86 ligands found on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction is vital for effective proliferation of T cells and production of lymphokines, which are essential for orchestrating immune responses. CD28 is predominantly expressed on resting T cells, while CTLA-4 counterpart acts as a co-inhibitory receptor on activated T cells, binding to the same ligands with higher affinity. The balance between CD28 and CTLA-4 signaling is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Additionally, presence of other receptors, such as SLAM, can further modulate T cell expansion independently of CD28, highlighting complexity of T cell regulation.

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CD28 Antibody (CD28.2) References:

1. A novel CD28 mRNA variant and simultaneous presence of various CD28 mRNA isoforms in human T lymphocytes.  |  Deshpande, M., et al. 2002. Hum Immunol. 63: 20-3. PMID: 11916166
2. Role of unusual CD4+ CD28- T cells in acute coronary syndrome.  |  Sun, W., et al. 2012. Mol Biol Rep. 39: 3337-42. PMID: 21695428
3. Pillars article: CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. The journal of experimental medicine. 1995. 182: 459-465.  |  Krummel, MF. and Allison, JP. 2011. J Immunol. 187: 3459-65. PMID: 21934097
4. Impact of the CTLA-4/CD28 axis on the processes of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.  |  Körmendy, D., et al. 2013. Arthritis Rheum. 65: 81-7. PMID: 23045162
5. T-cell co-stimulation by CD28-CD80/86 and its negative regulator CTLA-4 strongly influence accelerated atherosclerosis development.  |  Ewing, MM., et al. 2013. Int J Cardiol. 168: 1965-74. PMID: 23351788
6. Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition.  |  Chen, L. and Flies, DB. 2013. Nat Rev Immunol. 13: 227-42. PMID: 23470321
7. Construction of self-recognizing regulatory T cells from conventional T cells by controlling CTLA-4 and IL-2 expression.  |  Yamaguchi, T., et al. 2013. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110: E2116-25. PMID: 23690575
8. Artificial antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 and IL-21 efficiently induce melanoma-specific cytotoxic CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocyte responses.  |  Yu, X., et al. 2013. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 6: 467-72. PMID: 23711708
9. The Evolving Role of CD8+CD28- Immunosenescent T Cells in Cancer Immunology.  |  Huff, WX., et al. 2019. Int J Mol Sci. 20: PMID: 31181772
10. Senescent CD4+CD28- T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis.  |  González-Osuna, L., et al. 2022. Int J Mol Sci. 23: PMID: 35269683
11. CD28/B7 regulation of autoimmune diabetes.  |  Herold, KG., et al. 1997. Immunol Res. 16: 71-84. PMID: 9048209
12. Lymphoproliferation in CTLA-4-deficient mice is mediated by costimulation-dependent activation of CD4+ T cells.  |  Chambers, CA., et al. 1997. Immunity. 7: 885-95. PMID: 9430233

Monoclonal antibodies for mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets represent essentially all targets covered by polyclonal antibodies. Over 8,300 of our antibodies are offered as ImmunoCruz^® conjugates which eliminates the need for a secondary antibody.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies have over 360,000 research citations. Anti-CD28 Antibody (CD28.2) has 3 citations in a variety of scientific publications.

Primary antibodies like Anti-CD28 Antibody (CD28.2) for mammalian target proteins are recommended for the detection of a range of mammalian species, primarily of mouse, rat and human species. Many mammalian antibodies are also ideal for veterinary research and reactive with ovine, porcine, caprine, feline, canine, bovine and equine protein targets. Santa Cruz Biotechnology primary monoclonal antibodies are suitable for laboratory research applications and are not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

CD28 Antibody (CD28.2) Specifications

Alternate Product Name: CD28

Product Clone Name: CD28.2

Classification: Primary Antibody

Clonality: Monoclonal Antibody

Antibody Isotype: IgG₁ kappa light chain

Amino Acids:

Epitope Target: CD28

Epitope Species: human

Product Reactivity/Detection: CD28

Species Reactivity/Detection: human

Additional Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Additional Non-Mammalian Reactivity: N/A

Applications: WB, IP, IF, FCM

Vialing Information: Each vial contains 200 µg IgG₁ kappa light chain in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin

Research Citations: 3 citations in various scientific publications

Available Conjugates/Forms for CD28 Antibody (CD28.2): AC: Agarose, AF488: Alexa Fluor^® 488, AF546: Alexa Fluor^® 546, AF594: Alexa Fluor^® 594, AF647: Alexa Fluor^® 647, AF680: Alexa Fluor^® 680, AF790: Alexa Fluor^® 790, FITC: Fluoroscein, HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase, PE: Phycoerythrin