TCR δ Activators
TCR δ (T-cell receptor delta) activators represent a distinct class of chemical compounds that exert their influence on the immune system by modulating the activity of TCR δ receptors. TCRs are integral components of T cells, playing a pivotal role in recognizing antigens and initiating immune responses. While much attention has historically been directed toward TCR αβ receptors, TCR δ receptors have gained prominence for their unique functions, particularly in the context of unconventional T cells like γδ T cells.
Activators of TCR δ are chemical entities that interact with these receptors, thereby influencing downstream signaling events and cellular responses.The TCR δ activators can function through various mechanisms, including direct binding to the TCR δ receptors or by modulating the microenvironment to enhance their activation. These compounds may exhibit selectivity toward γδ T cells, promoting their proliferation, differentiation, or cytokine production. The activation of TCR δ pathways can lead to diverse immunological outcomes, influencing immune surveillance, tissue repair, and responses to various pathogens. Understanding the nuanced ways in which TCR δ activators operate is crucial for unraveling the complexity of immune regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA can activate protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn can phosphorylate and activate zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70). ZAP70 is a key mediator in TCR signaling, and can thus influence TCR δ activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $96.00 $264.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that can increase intracellular calcium levels. This can activate calcineurin, which can dephosphorylate and activate nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a transcription factor involved in TCR signaling. | ||||||
FK-506 | 104987-11-3 | sc-24649 sc-24649A | 5 mg 10 mg | $78.00 $151.00 | 9 | |
FK506 also inhibits calcineurin, affecting NFAT dephosphorylation and activation, and thereby influencing TCR δ activation indirectly. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. By preventing dephosphorylation, it can potentially enhance the phosphorylation-dependent activation of TCR δ. | ||||||
Wortmannin | 19545-26-7 | sc-3505 sc-3505A sc-3505B | 1 mg 5 mg 20 mg | $67.00 $223.00 $425.00 | 97 | |
Wortmannin inhibits PI3K, which can impact downstream TCR signaling and thus influence TCR δ activation. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $45.00 $164.00 $200.00 $402.00 $575.00 $981.00 $2031.00 | 46 | |
Genistein is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can potentially inhibit the activation of ZAP70 and other tyrosine kinases in the TCR signaling pathway, thereby influencing TCR δ activation. | ||||||
PD 98059 | 167869-21-8 | sc-3532 sc-3532A | 1 mg 5 mg | $40.00 $92.00 | 212 | |
PD98059 inhibits MEK, a component of the MAPK signaling pathway. This can indirectly influence TCR δ activation by modulating this key TCR downstream signaling pathway. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $123.00 $400.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 inhibits PI3K, affecting TCR signaling and indirectly influencing TCR δ activation. | ||||||
BAPTA/AM | 126150-97-8 | sc-202488 sc-202488A | 25 mg 100 mg | $138.00 $458.00 | 61 | |
BAPTA-AM is a cell-permeable calcium chelator that can decrease intracellular calcium levels, thereby influencing the activation of calcineurin and NFAT in the TCR signaling pathway. | ||||||
PP 1 | 172889-26-8 | sc-203212 sc-203212A | 1 mg 5 mg | $86.00 $145.00 | 6 | |
PP2 is a Src family kinase inhibitor that can inhibit Lck and Fyn, tyrosine kinases that are crucial for initiating TCR signaling. This can indirectly modulate TCR δ activation. | ||||||