TMEM132D Activateurs
Chemical activators of TMEM132D can exert their influence through a variety of cellular signaling pathways leading to its activation. Forskolin, by activating adenylate cyclase, increases intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a secondary messenger known to activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then can phosphorylate a multitude of target proteins, potentially including TMEM132D, thereby promoting its functional activity within the cell. Similarly, Ionomycin raises intracellular calcium concentrations which can activate calcium-sensitive proteins and subsequent signaling cascades, resulting in TMEM132D activation. The direct effect of increased calcium can also be mimicked by Calcium chloride, promoting calcium-driven activation mechanisms.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly activates protein kinase C (PKC), another kinase that can phosphorylate TMEM132D, leading to its activation. In the same vein, S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) releases nitric oxide, stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase to increase cGMP levels, which in turn can activate cGMP-dependent protein kinases such as PKG that may phosphorylate and activate TMEM132D. Hydrogen peroxide serves as a signaling molecule to activate various kinases such as MAPKs, which in turn can lead to the activation of TMEM132D via phosphorylation. Zinc sulfate can stabilize the structure of TMEM132D or facilitate its interactions with other proteins, which can trigger its activation in a zinc-responsive manner. On the other hand, Sodium orthovanadate can maintain TMEM132D in an active state by inhibiting tyrosine phosphatases, leading to a sustained phosphorylation.
Furthermore, AICAR activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is integral to cellular energy balance and can phosphorylate TMEM132D as part of its regulatory function. Okadaic acid, by inhibiting protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, may increase the phosphorylated state of TMEM132D, thus keeping it active. Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases like JNK, which can phosphorylate and activate TMEM132D in response to cellular stress signals. Lastly, Sildenafil, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), leads to elevated cGMP levels, which can activate cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and these kinases can then target TMEM132D, leading to its activation.
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| Nom du produit | CAS # | Ref. Catalogue | Quantité | Prix HT | CITATIONS | Classement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Active l'adénylate cyclase, augmentant les niveaux intracellulaires d'AMPc, qui à son tour active la PKA. La PKA phosphoryle les protéines cibles, ce qui peut conduire à l'activation de TMEM132D par des changements de son activité dépendant de la phosphorylation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Agit comme un ionophore de calcium, augmentant les niveaux de calcium intracellulaire, ce qui peut activer des protéines et des voies sensibles au calcium, conduisant potentiellement à l'activation fonctionnelle de TMEM132D. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Active la protéine kinase C (PKC), qui peut phosphoryler le TMEM132D, conduisant ainsi à son activation dans la cellule. | ||||||
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate | 22189-32-8 | sc-203279 sc-203279A | 5 g 10 g | $82.00 $120.00 | 9 | |
Libère de l'oxyde nitrique qui peut stimuler la guanylate cyclase soluble, augmentant les niveaux de GMPc, conduisant potentiellement à l'activation du TMEM132D par des protéines kinases dépendantes du GMPc comme la PKG. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
Fonctionne comme une molécule de signalisation qui peut activer diverses kinases telles que les MAPK, ce qui peut entraîner l'activation de TMEM132D par phosphorylation. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $47.00 | ||
Peut stabiliser les structures protéiques ou favoriser les interactions protéine-protéine, ce qui peut entraîner l'activation de TMEM132D en fonction du zinc. | ||||||
Sodium Orthovanadate | 13721-39-6 | sc-3540 sc-3540B sc-3540A | 5 g 10 g 50 g | $45.00 $56.00 $183.00 | 142 | |
Inhibe les tyrosines phosphatases, ce qui peut conduire à un état phosphorylé durable des protéines, y compris le TMEM132D, maintenant ainsi son état actif. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $60.00 $270.00 $350.00 | 48 | |
Active la protéine kinase activée par l'AMP (AMPK), ce qui peut conduire à la phosphorylation et à l'activation de TMEM132D dans le cadre du mécanisme d'homéostasie énergétique cellulaire. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Inhibe les protéines phosphatases PP1 et PP2A, entraînant potentiellement une augmentation de la forme phosphorylée et active de TMEM132D. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Il active les protéines kinases activées par le stress, telles que JNK, qui pourraient phosphoryler et activer TMEM132D en réponse à des signaux de stress. | ||||||