TMEM194 Activators
Chemical activators of TMEM194 can initiate a cascade of cellular events that lead to its activation through various signaling pathways. Activation by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and TPA occurs through the activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a range of target proteins. PKC-mediated phosphorylation can result in the functional activation of TMEM194 if it is among the substrates of PKC. Forskolin, by elevating cAMP levels, activates PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate TMEM194 if it is a part of the relevant cAMP-dependent pathway. Similarly, Ionomycin can elevate intracellular calcium levels, potentially activating TMEM194 through calcium-sensitive signaling pathways involving calmodulin-dependent kinases.
Other activators such as Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A inhibit protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, which normally dephosphorylate proteins. The inhibition of these phosphatases can lead to an increase in the phosphorylated state of proteins, including TMEM194, if it is ordinarily regulated by PP1 or PP2A. Anisomycin, by activating stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK and p38 MAPK, can also phosphorylate TMEM194, assuming TMEM194 is a substrate for these kinases. The action of Hydrogen Peroxide is similar in that it activates MAPKs, which may target TMEM194 for phosphorylation. Thapsigargin, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, causes a rise in intracellular calcium, which can lead to the activation of TMEM194 via calcium-dependent protein kinases. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and Bradykinin both activate G protein-coupled receptors, which can initiate downstream signaling cascades involving protein kinases that phosphorylate and activate TMEM194. Lastly, the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulates its receptor, which can activate various kinases that target TMEM194 as part of the EGF receptor signaling pathway.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) which is known to phosphorylate a wide range of target proteins. TMEM194, being a transmembrane protein, could be subject to phosphorylation by PKC, thereby leading to its functional activation via phosphorylation-dependent signaling. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK). These kinases may phosphorylate TMEM194, assuming TMEM194 is a substrate for such kinases, leading to its activation in the context of calcium signaling. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to an increase in the phosphorylation state of proteins. TMEM194 activation could result from the inhibition of its dephosphorylation, assuming it is normally regulated by PP1 or PP2A. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A, like Okadaic Acid, inhibits protein phosphatases such as PP1 and PP2A, which could lead to sustained phosphorylation and consequent activation of TMEM194, provided that TMEM194 is normally dephosphorylated by these phosphatases. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK and p38 MAPK. If TMEM194 is a substrate for these kinases, its activation could occur as a result of phosphorylation by JNK or p38 MAPK in response to stress signals. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
Hydrogen Peroxide can activate intracellular signaling pathways such as those involving MAPKs, which may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of TMEM194 if it is a MAPK substrate. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin leads to the elevation of intracellular calcium levels by inhibiting the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which could activate TMEM194 via calcium-dependent protein kinases if it is part of calcium signaling. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid that activates G protein-coupled receptors, which can lead to downstream activation of protein kinases that may phosphorylate and activate TMEM194 as part of the signaling cascade. | ||||||
Bradykinin | 58-82-2 | sc-507311 | 5 mg | $110.00 | ||
Bradykinin activates its G protein-coupled receptors leading to activation of PLC, which can increase intracellular calcium and activate PKC. If TMEM194 is regulated by calcium or PKC-mediated signaling, bradykinin could lead to its activation. | ||||||