SPEER-4F Activators
Chemical activators of SPEER-4F utilize a range of intracellular signaling mechanisms to modulate the protein's activity through phosphorylation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol activate Protein Kinase C (PKC), which is known to phosphorylate SPEER-4F, thereby enhancing its activity. Similarly, Forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP increase the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), leading to the activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA), another enzyme capable of phosphorylating SPEER-4F. Ionomycin facilitates the influx of calcium ions into the cell, indirectly activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases that also target SPEER-4F for phosphorylation. Anisomycin, through its activation of stress-activated protein kinases, and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), via the stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), both contribute to the phosphorylation and consequent activation of SPEER-4F.
In addition to direct activation of kinases, certain chemicals inhibit phosphatases, thereby sustaining SPEER-4F in its phosphorylated, active state. Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A inhibit protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, reducing the dephosphorylation of SPEER-4F. Ouabain, by inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, alters ionic balances and can trigger kinase signaling cascades that lead to SPEER-4F activation. Although Bisindolylmaleimide I is a PKC inhibitor, it may induce the activation of alternative kinases that phosphorylate SPEER-4F. Endothelin-1, through its action on G protein-coupled receptors, leads to the activation of phospholipase C and subsequently PKC, which can then phosphorylate SPEER-4F. Collectively, these chemical activators orchestrate a complex network of signaling events that converge on the phosphorylation and activation of SPEER-4F, demonstrating the intricate regulation of protein function within cellular environments.
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Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA directly activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) which, when activated, phosphorylates a variety of substrate proteins including SPEER-4F. Persistent activation of PKC can result in the phosphorylation of SPEER-4F, thereby increasing its functional activity. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which in turn activates Protein Kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates target proteins linked to its signaling pathways, including SPEER-4F, thus leading to SPEER-4F activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, raising intracellular calcium levels, which activates calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. These kinases can phosphorylate SPEER-4F, resulting in the protein's activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Inhibition of these phosphatases maintains proteins in a phosphorylated state. As such, SPEER-4F, once phosphorylated, remains active due to the reduced dephosphorylation activity. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
EGCG has been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activated AMPK can then phosphorylate various downstream proteins, including SPEER-4F, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is known to activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) like JNK. JNK activation leads to phosphorylation of its substrates, which may include SPEER-4F, thus promoting SPEER-4F activation. | ||||||
Ouabain-d3 (Major) | sc-478417 | 1 mg | $506.00 | |||
Ouabain inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, leading to alterations in cellular ionic balance, which can activate signal transduction pathways involving kinases that may phosphorylate and activate SPEER-4F. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a specific inhibitor of PKC. It can indirectly lead to the activation of alternate pathways that compensate for PKC inhibition, possibly resulting in the activation of SPEER-4F through compensatory phosphorylation by other kinases. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. PKA then can phosphorylate substrate proteins in its pathway, which may include SPEER-4F, leading to the activation of SPEER-4F. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, particularly PP1 and PP2A. By inhibiting these phosphatases, Calyculin A indirectly maintains proteins in their phosphorylated state, thus keeping SPEER-4F in an activated state following phosphorylation. | ||||||