Pigr Inhibitors
Chemical inhibitors of the Pigr protein can interact with various stages of its cellular processing and maturation pathways. Tunicamycin, for instance, targets the early phase of N-linked glycosylation, the process by which sugar molecules are attached to a nascent protein, which is critical for Pigr stability and function. The presence of Tunicamycin can prevent the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides, leading to the production of misfolded Pigr proteins that are prone to degradation. Similarly, Swainsonine and Kifunensine disrupt glycosylation, but at later stages. Swainsonine inhibits the enzyme alpha-mannosidase II, essential for trimming oligosaccharides in N-glycans, while Kifunensine targets mannosidase I. Both these inhibitors can cause the accumulation of improperly processed Pigr, affecting its functionality.
On another front, agents like Brefeldin A and Monensin disrupt Pigr trafficking by interfering with the Golgi apparatus, where critical protein processing and sorting occur. Brefeldin A leads to the disassembly of this organelle, hindering the transport of Pigr to the plasma membrane, while Monensin alters ion gradients and pH within the Golgi, impairing Pigr trafficking. Furthermore, Colchicine and Nocodazole, which affect the microtubule network, can impede the intracellular transport of Pigr. Colchicine binds to tubulin, preventing microtubule polymerization, while Nocodazole depolymerizes microtubules, both leading to a blockade of Pigr's path to the cell surface. Cytochalasin D targets actin filaments, another component of the cell's cytoskeleton, and its disruption of actin polymerization can interfere with the vesicular transport mechanisms required for Pigr's localization and function. Endoglycosidase H, by cleaving specific oligosaccharides from glycoproteins, can prevent proper folding and stability of Pigr, leading to its functional inhibition. Each of these chemical inhibitors, by affecting a distinct aspect of Pigr's synthesis and transport, can lead to a decrease in the proper functioning of the Pigr protein within the cell.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $169.00 $299.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation by targeting the initial step in the synthesis of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor. Since Pigr relies on proper glycosylation for stability and function, inhibition of glycosylation by Tunicamycin can lead to misfolded Pigr protein and its subsequent degradation. | ||||||
Swainsonine | 72741-87-8 | sc-201362 sc-201362C sc-201362A sc-201362D sc-201362B | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $135.00 $246.00 $619.00 $799.00 $1796.00 | 6 | |
Swainsonine inhibits the enzyme alpha-mannosidase II, which is crucial for the trimming of oligosaccharides in N-glycans during glycoprotein processing. Pigr, being a glycoprotein, requires this process for proper function and maturation. Therefore, inhibition by Swainsonine can result in improperly glycosylated Pigr protein, thus inhibiting its function. | ||||||
Castanospermine | 79831-76-8 | sc-201358 sc-201358A | 100 mg 500 mg | $180.00 $620.00 | 10 | |
Castanospermine is an inhibitor of glucosidases which are enzymes involved in the processing of N-linked glycan chains in glycoproteins. The inhibition of these enzymes impacts the proper folding and stability of Pigr as it is dependent on the N-glycan processing, leading to functional inhibition of the Pigr protein. | ||||||
Deoxynojirimycin | 19130-96-2 | sc-201369 sc-201369A | 1 mg 5 mg | $72.00 $142.00 | ||
Deoxynojirimycin inhibits glucosidases, enzymes that are essential for the proper folding of glycoproteins through the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Pigr is reliant on this glycosylation for its stability and transport; thus, Deoxynojirimycin can lead to the misfolding and functional inhibition of the Pigr protein. | ||||||
Kifunensine | 109944-15-2 | sc-201364 sc-201364A sc-201364B sc-201364C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 100 mg | $132.00 $529.00 $1005.00 $6125.00 | 25 | |
Kifunensine is a potent inhibitor of mannosidase I, an enzyme involved in the processing of the N-linked glycosylation pathway. By inhibiting this enzyme, the maturation of glycoproteins like Pigr is compromised, leading to the accumulation of immature glycoproteins and functional inhibition of Pigr. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts protein transport by inhibiting the exchange of guanine nucleotide on ARF proteins, leading to the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. As Pigr is a transmembrane protein that requires trafficking through the Golgi for proper processing and surface expression, Brefeldin A can inhibit the function of Pigr by preventing its correct localization and maturation. | ||||||
Monensin A | 17090-79-8 | sc-362032 sc-362032A | 5 mg 25 mg | $152.00 $515.00 | ||
Monensin is an ionophore that disrupts Golgi function by altering the pH and ion gradients, impairing protein trafficking. This affects the post-translational processing and trafficking of Pigr, leading to functional inhibition as Pigr protein cannot be properly processed or localized to the cell surface. | ||||||
Colchicine | 64-86-8 | sc-203005 sc-203005A sc-203005B sc-203005C sc-203005D sc-203005E | 1 g 5 g 50 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $98.00 $315.00 $2244.00 $4396.00 $17850.00 $34068.00 | 3 | |
Colchicine binds to tubulin, disrupting microtubule polymerization and consequently inhibiting microtubule-dependent processes. Since the trafficking and localization of Pigr to the cell surface are microtubule-dependent, Colchicine can inhibit the function of Pigr by preventing its transport and proper localization within the cell. | ||||||
Nocodazole | 31430-18-9 | sc-3518B sc-3518 sc-3518C sc-3518A | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $58.00 $83.00 $140.00 $242.00 | 38 | |
Nocodazole is a microtubule-depolymerizing agent that inhibits microtubule dynamics. This disruption can lead to a blockade in intracellular transport processes, including the trafficking of Pigr to the plasma membrane, thereby inhibiting its functional expression on the cell surface. | ||||||
Cytochalasin D | 22144-77-0 | sc-201442 sc-201442A | 1 mg 5 mg | $145.00 $442.00 | 64 | |
Cytochalasin D inhibits actin polymerization and can disrupt cytoskeleton-dependent processes such as vesicle trafficking. Given that Pigr requires vesicular transport to the cell surface for its function, Cytochalasin D can inhibit the function of Pigr by impeding its proper trafficking and surface expression. | ||||||