PGs2_5730494M16Rik Activators

TPGS2, also known as Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol Succinate, is not a protein but rather a synthetic derivative of Vitamin E (α-tocopherol). TPGS2 is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical research due to its unique properties as a surfactant and as an absorption enhancer for drugs with poor solubility. It is particularly valuable in the development of drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and emulsions.The structure of TPGS2 includes a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain and a hydrophobic succinate ester linked to the α-tocopherol moiety. Additionally, the α-tocopherol part of the molecule provides the beneficial antioxidant properties of Vitamin E, which can protect drugs from oxidative degradation and enhance the overall stability of pharmaceutical formulations.

In the context of drug delivery, TPGS2 has been shown to facilitate the uptake of drugs by cells, possibly by disrupting the cellular membrane or by enhancing endocytosis. Moreover, TPGS2 has been explored for its potential to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer contexts. It is believed to inhibit the function of P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux pump that reduces the intracellular concentration of agents in resistant cancer cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of these drugs.