LALP70 Activators

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 (ENTPD4) is a member of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPD) family, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of extracellular nucleotide levels. ENTPD family members are characterized by their ability to hydrolyze the tri- and diphosphate groups of nucleotides, such as ATP and ADP, to their respective monophosphate forms and inorganic phosphate. This enzymatic activity is essential for the maintenance of nucleotide homeostasis in the extracellular environment and can influence a variety of physiological processes.ENTPD4 possesses an ecto-enzyme activity, meaning it is anchored to the outer layer of the cell membrane and operates in the extracellular space. By catalyzing the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides, ENTPD4 modulates signaling pathways that are mediated by purinergic receptors. These receptors, activated by ATP and other nucleotides, are involved in numerous functions including neurotransmission, inflammation, and thromboregulation.

The specific role of ENTPD4 in these processes can vary depending on the tissue distribution and the relative expression levels of the enzyme. For instance, changes in the activity of ENTPD4 can affect the local availability of ATP, thereby influencing purinergic signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses.Mutations or dysregulation in the expression of ENTPD4 can have significant pathophysiological implications. Aberrant ENTPD4 activity may contribute to the development of certain diseases by disrupting the balance of extracellular nucleotides and altering purinergic signaling. This, in turn, can affect processes such as inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer progression.