Laforin Activators
Laforin is a distinctive phosphatase characterized by its involvement in intricate glycogen metabolism processes. Encoded by the EPM2A gene, Laforin holds a critical role in the dephosphorylation of glycogen, which is pivotal in maintaining its solubility and preventing the accumulation of insoluble polyglucosan bodies, a hallmark of Lafora disease. This phosphatase is not only fundamental for normal cellular function but also serves as a key molecular player in glycogen storage pathways. The precise regulation of Laforin expression is essential for its function, and understanding the factors that can upregulate its production is a subject of considerable interest in molecular biology. The expression of Laforin, like many genes, is subject to a complex network of regulatory mechanisms that can be influenced by various intracellular and extracellular signals, including specific chemical compounds that interact with cellular pathways.
Among the myriad of molecules capable of influencing gene expression, certain chemical activators stand out for their potential to upregulate the expression of Laforin. Compounds such as 5-Azacytidine and Trichostatin A are known to alter epigenetic marks, which can lead to a more transcriptionally active chromatin state and potentially stimulate the expression of Laforin. Additionally, molecules like Forskolin that elevate cAMP levels can activate downstream pathways, culminating in the enhanced transcription of genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as Sodium Butyrate, can also lead to an open chromatin configuration around the EPM2A gene, possibly increasing the transcription of Laforin. Moreover, modulators of cellular signaling pathways, including Beta-Estradiol and Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), can prompt the activation of transcription factors that target the EPM2A gene promoter, thereby stimulating Laforin production. These compounds interact with the cellular machinery in a multifaceted manner, and their potential to serve as activators of Laforin expression exemplifies the intricate interplay between small molecules and genetic regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
This cytidine analog could induce hypomethylation of the EPM2A gene's promoter region, thereby potentially upregulating Laforin expression by enhancing transcriptional activity. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $149.00 $470.00 $620.00 $1199.00 $2090.00 | 33 | |
By inhibiting histone deacetylase, Trichostatin A could stimulate hyperacetylation of histone proteins, leading to a more accessible chromatin structure around the EPM2A gene, which may result in its increased transcription. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin can elevate intracellular cAMP, which in turn, can activate protein kinase A (PKA) and may further stimulate transcription factors that enhance the EPM2A gene's transcription, thus upregulating Laforin. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate can induce histone hyperacetylation, which may stimulate a permissive environment for the transcription machinery to access the EPM2A gene, potentially leading to increased Laforin synthesis. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid can bind to retinoic acid receptors, which may act as transcription factors to enhance the transcriptional activity of target genes, possibly including EPM2A, thereby increasing Laforin levels. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $62.00 $178.00 | 8 | |
β-Estradiol could bind to estrogen receptors, which may then bind to estrogen response elements on the EPM2A gene promoter, stimulating transcription and upregulating Laforin production. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA can activate protein kinase C, which may lead to phosphorylation of transcription factors or co-factors that stimulate EPM2A gene transcription, thereby potentially increasing Laforin levels. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin could stimulate the transcriptional activity of genes associated with neuroprotection by activating transcription factors or inhibiting negative regulatory pathways, potentially resulting in the increased expression of Laforin. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol may stimulate sirtuin activity, which can lead to the deacetylation of transcription factors or their co-factors, thus potentially inducing the transcription of EPM2A and elevating Laforin levels. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride can inhibit GSK-3, which might lead to the stabilization and activation of transcription factors that stimulate EPM2A gene transcription, potentially resulting in increased Laforin production. | ||||||