Bezafibrate and Pioglitazone, serve to modulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPARs are nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. By activating PPARs, these compounds indirectly bolster mitochondrial integrity and function, creating a favorable scenario for HIBCH to exhibit heightened activity. Conversely, molecules like 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and metformin, both recognized for activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can instigate a cascade of events leading to enhanced mitochondrial proliferation and efficiency. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function can, in turn, amplify HIBCH activity.
Coenzyme Q10 and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are intrinsic to the electron transport chain and significantly influence mitochondrial energy production. Their presence ensures an adequately powered mitochondrial network, which is vital for HIBCH's activity. Resveratrol and sirtuin activators like SRT1720 engage with mitochondrial sirtuins, a group of enzymes implicated in extending the cellular lifespan and enhancing mitochondrial function, which indirectly promotes the activity of HIBCH. L-carnitine with leucine activate the mTOR pathway, essential for protein synthesis and indirectly beneficial for HIBCH activity, while L-carnitine enhances the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, supporting the robust metabolic activity necessary for HIBCH function. Creatine, by maintaining cellular ATP levels, ensures a consistent energy supply for optimal mitochondrial performance, indirectly supporting HIBCH activity.
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