HELZ Inhibitors

HELZ inhibitors like Seliciclib and MG132 target the cell cycle and proteasomal degradation, respectively, leading to altered protein stability and abundance which can have downstream effects on protein function and cell regulatory mechanisms. DNA and histone modification inhibitors such as 5-Azacytidine and Vorinostat can lead to changes in gene expression by altering epigenetic marks, which can result in modified protein synthesis. Their impact is broad, influencing numerous proteins and cellular pathways. Kinase inhibitors, including LY294002, Epigallocatechin gallate, and SP600125, disrupt key regulatory pathways that can lead to changes in the activity and levels of many proteins. Specifically, LY294002 and SP600125 target the PI3K/Akt and JNK pathways, respectively, which are crucial for cell survival and apoptosis.

Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, specifically suppresses the mTORC1 complex, resulting in decreased protein synthesis and impacting proteins involved in growth and metabolism. Bortezomib, another proteasome inhibitor like MG132, prevents the breakdown of proteins, thereby affecting proteins that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis. Nutlin-3, by antagonizing MDM2, indirectly stabilizes and activates p53, influencing proteins within the p53 pathway which is central to the cellular response to stress and DNA damage.